Pneumonia in low and middle income countries: progress and challenges.

Pneumonia in low and middle income countries: progress and challenges.
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DOI:
10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204247
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发表时间:
2013-11
期刊:
影响因子:
10
通讯作者:
Gordon SB
Gordon SB
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zar HJ;Madhi SA;Aston SJ;Gordon SB

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肺炎仍然是儿童死亡的主要原因,也是低收入和中等收入国家成人住院的最常见原因,尽管预防和管理战略取得了进展。在过去十年中,儿童肺炎死亡率已降至2011年的约130万例,其中大多数死亡病例发生在低收入国家。最近的重要进展包括更广泛地实施针对B型流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌的蛋白质-多糖结合疫苗,实施病例管理算法,以及更好地预防和治疗艾滋病毒。在缺乏可靠的诊断测试的情况下,确定肺炎的病原学是具有挑战性的。新细菌结合疫苗的高接种率可能会对肺炎负担、病原学和经验性治疗产生影响,但在许多低收入和中等收入国家实施免疫规划仍然是一个障碍。在许多低收入和中等收入国家,广泛执行目前有效的肺炎预防和管理战略仍然具有挑战性。
Pneumonia remains the leading cause of childhood mortality and the most common reason for adult hospitalisation in low and middle income countries, despite advances in preventative and management strategies. In the last decade, pneumonia mortality in children has fallen to approximately 1.3 million cases in 2011, with most deaths occurring in low income countries. Important recent advances include more widespread implementation of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type B and Streptococcus pneumoniae, implementation of case-management algorithms and better prevention and treatment of HIV. Determining the aetiology of pneumonia is challenging in the absence of reliable diagnostic tests. High uptake of new bacterial conjugate vaccines may impact on pneumonia burden, aetiology and empiric therapy but implementation in immunisation programmes in many low and middle income countries remains an obstacle. Widespread implementation of currently effective preventative and management strategies for pneumonia remains challenging in many low and middle income countries.
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