Trends in Energy Intake among US Children by Eating Location and Food Source, 1977-2006
Trends in Energy Intake among US Children by Eating Location and Food Source, 1977-2006
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.007
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Popkin, Barry M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Poti, Jennifer M.;Popkin, Barry M.
研究背景对于食物的食用地点和准备对儿童每日能量摄入的影响知之甚少。目的调查儿童每日在家中或离家食用的食物的能量摄入趋势，按制备食物的来源，以及按食用地点和食物来源的综合类别。该分析使用了来自1977-1978年全国食品消费调查、1989-1991年和1994-1998年个人食品摄入持续调查以及2003-2006年全国健康和营养检查调查的29,217名2至18岁儿童的数据。方法分析1977 - 2006年全国有代表性的按饮食地点加权百分比和日均能量摄入的趋势。从1994年到2006年对食物来源进行了比较。对2至6岁、7至12岁和13至18岁三个年龄组重复分析。采用t检验进行差异检验。结果1977-2006年期间，儿童能量摄入增加（+179千卡/天）与离家时摄入的能量增加（+255千卡/天）相关。从1977年到2006年，每天外出消费的能量比例从23.4%上升到33.9%。1994-2006年没有进一步增加，但能源来源发生了变化。快餐所占的能量比例超过了从学校摄入的能量，成为所有年龄段的人离家准备的食物中最大的来源。对于离家食用的食物，从商店获得的每日能量所占的比例增加，成为离家食用的最大能量来源。在家吃的快餐和在家外吃的商店买的食品显著增加。结论饮食地点和食物来源对儿童日能量摄入有显著影响。在家里准备的食物，包括在家里吃的快餐和在商店准备的食物，正在推动总能量摄入的增加。然而，有必要使用其他数据来源进行进一步研究，以证实越来越多的商店购买的食物是在商店准备的。中华医学杂志，2011;11:1156-1164。
Background Little is known about the influence of location of food consumption and preparation upon daily energy intake of children.Objective To examine trends in daily energy intake by children for foods eaten at home or away from home, by source of preparation, and for combined categories of eating location and food source.Subjects The analysis uses data from 29,217 children aged 2 to 18 years from the 1977-1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, 1989-1991 and 1994-1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, and 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.Methods Nationally representative weighted percentages and means of daily energy intake by eating location were analyzed for trends from 1977 to 2006. Comparisons by food source were examined from 1994 to 2006. Analyses were repeated for three age groups: 2 to 6 years, 7 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years. Difference testing was conducted using a t test.Results Increased energy intake (+179 kcal/day) by children from 1977-2006 was associated with a major increase in energy eaten away from home (+255 kcal/day). The percentage of daily energy eaten away from home increased from 23.4% to 33.9% from 1977-2006. No further increase was observed from 1994-2006, but the sources of energy shifted. The percentage of energy from fast food increased to surpass intake from schools and become the largest contributor to foods prepared away from home for all age groups. For foods eaten away from home, the percentage of daily energy from stores increased to become the largest source of energy eaten away from home. Fast food eaten at home and store-bought food eaten away from home increased significantly.Conclusions Eating location and food source significantly influence daily energy intake for children. Foods prepared away from home, including fast food eaten at home and store-prepared food eaten away from home, are fueling the increase in total energy intake. However, further research using alternative data sources is necessary to verify that store-bought foods eaten away from home are increasingly store-prepared. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111:1156-1164.