Indigenous Strategies of Sustainable Farming Systems in the Highlands of Northern Philippines
Indigenous Strategies of Sustainable Farming Systems in the Highlands of Northern Philippines
复制标题
菲律宾北部高地可持续农业系统的本土战略
DOI：
10.1300/j064v26n02_09
复制
发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lovereal Joy M. Ocampo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Magcale;Lovereal Joy M. Ocampo
摘要菲律宾高地一直实行着土著人的策略，他们世世代代保持着高地农业系统的可持续性。来自UPLB、BSU、HARRDEC、ICRAF、DENR-CAR、DA-CHARM和NCIP的研究人员、推广人员和从业人员开展了一项合作活动，以记录和了解Bayyo山农业系统的土著战略。省与社区选定的参与者进行了示范性农村评估（PRA）活动，包括样带线、资源制图、关键信息提供者访谈和思维导图。Bayyo的大多数家庭维持三种生产系统：灌溉稻田（payew）、永久性刀耕火种（katualle）和轮垦（uma）地块。所有这三种生产系统对它们的生存都至关重要。当地人采用各种土著战略来维持这些生产系统的生产力。这些措施包括梯田，轮作，混合种植，土壤肥力管理和甘薯种植制度。Payew领域是平坦的梯田建造沿着山坡与梯田双方加强石墙。这些田地用附近泉水灌溉，种植水稻。在卡图阿勒还修建了梯田，以降低田地坡度和减少土壤侵蚀。在这三种生产系统中实行不同的作物轮作和水稻、甘薯和花生的混合种植制度，以维持作物生产力。通过施用本地物种Tithonia diversifolia保持了payew田地的土壤肥力。在甘薯植株周围覆盖已清除的杂草是甘薯田土壤肥力管理和杂草控制的主要措施。休耕是乌玛田地轮垦周期的一个重要组成部分。甘薯是Bayyo的第二种主要粮食作物，农民们收藏了各种各样的甘薯品种，这些品种适合不同的生长条件，具有不同的生长季节长度、牧草产量、耐旱性和块茎储存寿命。PRA的结果表明，土著做法使Bayyo的高地农场多年来保持可持续性。
ABSTRACT Indigenous strategies have been practiced in the Philippine uplands and they have maintained the sustainability of upland farming systems for generations. A collaborative activity among researchers, extensionists and practitioners from UPLB, BSU, HARRDEC, ICRAF, DENR-CAR, DA-CHARM, and NCIP was carried out to document and understand the indigenous strategies of farming systems in Bayyo, Mt. Province. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) activities including transect lines, resource mapping, key informant interviews, and mind mapping were conducted with selected participants from the community. Most households in Bayyo maintain three production systems: irrigated rice fields (payew), permanent swidden (katualle), and shifting cultivation (uma) plots. All three production systems are essential for their survival. Local people practice a variety of indigenous strategies to sustain productivity in these production systems. These include terracing, crop rotation, mixed cropping, soil fertility management, and the sweetpotato cropping system. Payew fields are flat terraces built along the mountainsides with terrace sides fortified with stone walls. These fields are irrigated with water from nearby spring water to grow paddy rice. Terracing is also practiced in the katualle to reduce the steepness of the slope of the fields and to reduce soil erosion. Different systems of crop rotation and mixed cropping of rice, sweet potato, and peanuts are practiced in the three production systems to sustain crop productivity. Soil fertility in the payew fields is maintained by the application of the indigenous species Tithonia diversifolia. Laying removed weeds around sweetpotato plants as mulch is the main soil fertility management and weed control in the katualle fields. Fallowing is an important component of the shifting cultivation cycle in the uma fields. Sweet potato is the second staple food crop in Bayyo and farmers keep a collection of a diverse array of sweet potato varieties suited to different growing conditions and with varying characteristics of growing season length, herbage yield, drought tolerance and tuber storage longevity. PRA results have shown that indigenous practices kept the upland farms in Bayyo sustainable through the years.