A novel glutaminase isoform in mammalian tissues
A novel glutaminase isoform in mammalian tissues
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuint.2009.02.021
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Marquez, Javier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de la Rosa, Vanessa;Campos-Sandoval, Jose A.;Marquez, Javier
脑中神经递质谷氨酸的合成主要由谷氨酸氨基转移酶进行。这种合成必须精细地调节，因为其有害的潜力引起兴奋性毒性损伤。值得注意的是，由不同基因编码的两种转氨酶同工酶在哺乳动物的脑中表达。需要两个基因和两种同工酶来支持谷氨酸合成的单一过程是无法解释的，并且确定每种转氨酶的作用是理解谷氨酸介导的神经传递的重要因素。已经报道了在哺乳动物组织和细胞中转氨酶基因的多个转录物和转氨酶同种型的同时表达。最近发现的蛋白质相互作用的合作伙伴扩大了可能性的监管机制控制这些生物合成酶。不同的同工酶和结合伙伴的表达可能代表的生化和分子基础，以实现微调控制谷氨酸合成在不同的细胞类型或发育状态。在这篇综述中，我们将简要总结最近的工作在哺乳动物中的转氨酶蛋白，特别强调大脑的研究。我们目前收敛的证据支持存在一种新的转氨酶同工酶在哺乳动物组织。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The synthesis of neurotransmitter glutamate in brain is mainly carried out by glutaminase enzymes. This synthesis must be exquisitely regulated because of its harmful potential giving rise to excitotoxic damage. It is noteworthy that two glutaminase isozymes coded by different genes are expressed in the brain of mammals. The need for two genes and two isozymes to support the single process of glutamate synthesis is unexplained, and identifying the role of each glutaminase is an important factor in understanding glutamate-mediated neurotransmission. Multiple transcripts for glutaminase genes and simultaneous expression of glutaminase isoforms have been reported in mammalian tissues and cells. The recent discovery of protein interacting partners widens the possibilities of regulatory mechanisms controlling these biosynthetic enzymes. The expression of distinct isozymes and binding partners may represent the biochemical and molecular basis to achieve fine-tuning control of glutamate synthesis in different cell types or developmental states. In this review, we will briefly summarize recent works on glutaminase proteins in mammals, with particular emphasis on brain studies. We present convergent evidence supporting the existence of a novel glutaminase isozyme in mammalian tissues. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.