Industrial and ecological cumulative exergy consumption of the United States via the 1997 input–output benchmark model
Industrial and ecological cumulative exergy consumption of the United States via the 1997 input–output benchmark model
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.energy.2006.11.005
复制
发表时间：
2007-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
N. U. Ukidwe;B. Bakshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. U. Ukidwe;B. Bakshi
本文建立了1997年美国经济的热力学投入产出模型，该模型以两种不同的方式解释了488部门基准经济投入产出模型中的累积(火用)流动。工业累计火用消耗(ICEC)是指各经济部门直接和间接消耗的所有自然资源的火用，而生态累计火用(ECEC)则是指生产各种自然资源所消耗的生态系统的火用。关于自然界中消耗的火用的信息从生物地球化学循环的热力学中获得。在这项工作中使用的ECEC类似于能值的概念，但不依赖于其任何有争议的主张。TIO模型还可以考虑每个部门的排放及其影响和劳动力的作用。使用一致的消耗能单位允许将各种流组合起来，以确定可提供与经济部门对环境的影响相关方面的洞察的综合指标。ECEC对自然资本的贡献被认为可以比ICEC更好地反映生态系统商品和服务的质量。预计这项工作的结果将使对这些索赔的评估成为可能。如果得到验证，这项工作有望为热力学生命周期评估奠定基础，特别是在信息有限的情况下对新兴技术进行评估。
This paper develops a thermodynamic input–output (TIO) model of the 1997 United States economy that accounts for the flow of cumulative exergy in the 488-sector benchmark economic input–output model in two different ways. Industrial cumulative exergy consumption (ICEC) captures the exergy of all natural resources consumed directly and indirectly by each economic sector, while ecological cumulative exergy consumption (ECEC) also accounts for the exergy consumed in ecological systems for producing each natural resource. Information about exergy consumed in nature is obtained from the thermodynamics of biogeochemical cycles. As used in this work, ECEC is analogous to the concept of emergy, but does not rely on any of its controversial claims. The TIO model can also account for emissions from each sector and their impact and the role of labor. The use of consistent exergetic units permits the combination of various streams to define aggregate metrics that may provide insight into aspects related to the impact of economic sectors on the environment. Accounting for the contribution of natural capital by ECEC has been claimed to permit better representation of the quality of ecosystem goods and services than ICEC. The results of this work are expected to permit evaluation of these claims. If validated, this work is expected to lay the foundation for thermodynamic life cycle assessment, particularly of emerging technologies and with limited information.