Stabilizing the Boundary between US Politics and Science:
Stabilizing the Boundary between US Politics and Science:
复制标题
稳定美国政治与科学之间的界限：
作者：
D. Guston
边界工作的社会学研究和委托代理理论的政治经济方法可以作为检验社会与科学之间关系的补充方式：边界工作为委托代理方案提供了经验上的细微差别，而委托代理理论为厚边界描述提供了结构。本文激发了这种互补性，以考察美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 校内实验室在美国的国内技术转让。它将美国的技术转让政策置于委托代理框架内，政客们试图通过向代理人提供具体的激励措施来管理研究生产力的道德风险，以参与可衡量的基于研究的创新。这种激励措施改变了先前商定的政治与科学之间的界限。该论文确定了美国国立卫生研究院技术转让办公室（OTT）作为边界组织的关键作用，该组织在其日常工作中调解新的边界谈判，并通过成功地充当政治家和科学家的代理人来稳定边界。论文假设像 OTT 这样的边界组织是政治与科学边界上的普遍现象。
The sociological study of boundary-work and the political-economic approach of principal-agent theory can be complementary ways of examining the relationship between society and science: boundary-work provides the empirical nuance to the principal-agent scheme, and principal-agent theory provides structure to the thick boundary description. This paper motivates this complementarity to examine domestic technology transfer in the USA from the intramural laboratories of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). It casts US policy for technology transfer in the principal-agent framework, in which politicians attempt to manage the moral hazard of the productivity of research by providing specific incentives to the agents for engaging in measurable research-based innovation. Such incentives alter the previously negotiated boundary between politics and science. The paper identifies the crucial rôle of the NIH Office of Technology Transfer (OTT) as a boundary organization, which mediates the new boundary negotiations in its routine work, and stabilizes the boundary by performing successfully as an agent for both politicians and scientists. The paper hypothesizes that boundary organizations like OTT are general phenomena at the boundary between politics and science.