Phytostabilization of mine tailings using compost-assisted direct planting: Translating greenhouse results to the field.
Phytostabilization of mine tailings using compost-assisted direct planting: Translating greenhouse results to the field.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.168
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发表时间：
2016-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maier RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gil-Loaiza J;White SA;Root RA;Solís-Dominguez FA;Hammond CM;Chorover J;Maier RM
尾矿回收的标准做法是放置 15 至 90 厘米厚的土壤/砾石/岩石盖，然后进行水力播种。在这项研究中，我们研究了堆肥辅助直接种植植物稳定技术作为标准盖帽和植物实践的替代方案。在植物稳定化中，目标是利用本地植物建立营养帽，稳定根区的金属，而几乎没有枝条积累。研究地点是一个占地 62 公顷的贫瘠尾矿堆，其特点是 pH 值极高，铅、砷和锌含量均超过 2000 g kg−1。该研究的目的是评估成功的温室植物稳定结果是否可以推广到田间。 2010 年 5 月，在铁王矿和洪堡冶炼厂超级基金 (IKMHSS) 场地建立了 0.27 公顷的研究区，并进行了 6 个灌溉处理；尾矿用 10%、15% 或 20%（w/w）堆肥改良，混合了本地植物（水牛草、亚利桑那羊茅、鹌鹑、豆科灌木和猫爪金合欢），对照包括堆肥（15% 和 20%）无籽处理和未堆肥无籽处理。经过堆肥改良的种植处理 41 个月后，树冠覆盖率达到 21% 至 61%，与周边地区发现的树冠覆盖率相似。未经处理的尾矿上没有植物生长。 41 个月后，与未改良的对照地块相比，种植地的中性粒细胞异养细菌计数增加了 1.5 至 4 个数量级。各种金属（类物质）的芽组织积累达到或低于家畜毒性极限，但在接受较少堆肥的处理中，某些植物特定的例外。包括冠层覆盖率、嗜中性异养细菌计数和枝条对金属（类物质）的吸收在内的参数是用于评估复垦成功的有希望的标准。总之，在初步温室研究的指导下，堆肥改良和播种允许植物在四年内建立和持续生长，证明了这种植物稳定技术的可行性。
Standard practice in reclamation of mine tailings is the emplacement of a 15 to 90 cm soil/gravel/rock cap which is then hydro-seeded. In this study we investigate compost-assisted direct planting phytostabilization technology as an alternative to standard cap and plant practices. In phytostabilization the goal is to establish a vegetative cap using native plants that stabilize metals in the root zone with little to no shoot accumulation. The study site is a barren 62-hectare tailings pile characterized by extremely acidic pH as well as lead, arsenic, and zinc each exceeding 2000 g kg−1. The study objective is to evaluate whether successful greenhouse phytostabilization results are scalable to the field. In May 2010, a 0.27 hectare study area was established on the Iron King Mine and Humboldt Smelter Superfund (IKMHSS) site with six irrigated treatments; tailings amended with 10, 15, or 20% (w/w) compost seeded with a mix of native plants (buffalo grass,arizona fescue, quailbush, mesquite, and catclaw acacia) and controls including composted (15 and 20%) unseeded treatments and an uncomposted unseeded treatment. Canopy cover ranging from 21 to 61% developed after 41 months in the compost-amended planted treatments, a canopy cover similar to that found in the surrounding region. No plants grew on unamended tailings. Neutrophilic heterotrophic bacterial counts were 1.5 to 4 orders of magnitude higher after 41 months in planted versus unamended control plots. Shoot tissue accumulation of various metal(loids) was at or below Domestic Animal Toxicity Limits, with some plant specific exceptions in treatments receiving less compost. Parameters including % canopy cover, neutrophilic heterotrophic bacteria counts, and shoot uptake of metal(loids) are promising criteria to use in evaluating reclamation success. In summary, compost amendment and seeding, guided by preliminary greenhouse studies, allowed plant establishment and sustained growth over four years demonstrating feasibility for this phytostabilization technology.