Alcohol myopia. Its prized and dangerous effects.
Alcohol myopia. Its prized and dangerous effects.
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酒精近视。
DOI：
10.1037//0003-066x.45.8.921
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Josephs,RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steele,CM;Josephs,RA
这篇文章解释了酒精如何使社会反应更加极端，增强重要的自我评价，缓解焦虑和抑郁，这些影响是酒精的社会破坏性和使其成为成瘾物质的强化效应的基础。这些理论是基于酒精对感知和思考的损害——它会导致近视——而不是基于酒精的药理学直接引起特定反应的能力，也不是基于与饮酒有关的预期。本文给出了三个结论：(a)酒精通过阻止一种形式的反应冲突，使社会行为更加极端。(b)同样的过程可以夸大自我评价。(c)酒精性近视与分散注意力的活动相结合，可以可靠地减少所有饮酒者的焦虑和抑郁，使其难以将注意力分配到引起这些状态的想法上。讨论了这些理论对预防和治疗酒精滥用的意义。（PsycINFO数据库记录(c) 2016 APA，版权所有）
This article explains how alcohol makes social responses more extreme, enhances important self-evaluations, and relieves anxiety and depression, effects that underlie both the social destructiveness of alcohol and the reinforcing effects that make it an addictive substance. The theories are based on alcohol's impairment of perception and thought—the myopia it causes—rather than on the ability of alcohol's pharmacology to directly cause specific reactions or on expectations associated with alcohol's use. Three conclusions are offered:(a) Alcohol makes social behaviors more extreme by blocking a form of response conflict.(b) The same process can inflate self-evaluations.(c) Alcohol myopia, in combination with distracting activity, can reliably reduce anxiety and depression in all drinkers by making it difficult to allocate attention to the thoughts that provoke these states. These theories are discussed in terms of their significance for the prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)