Influence on Corneal Permeability of Bathing with Solutions of Differing Reaction and Tonicity *
Influence on Corneal Permeability of Bathing with Solutions of Differing Reaction and Tonicity *
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不同反应和张力溶液沐浴对角膜通透性的影响*
DOI：
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发表时间：
1955
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
D. Maurice
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Maurice
研究角膜渗透性的最常见方法是将测试物质的溶液与其上皮表面接触，并测量有多少渗透到房水或角膜本身的基质中。显然，需要知道在不引起被测量的特性变化的情况下可以容忍测试溶液的特性的范围。一个相关的问题出现在准备药物滴注到眼睛中，其中应该在不对组织造成任何损害的情况下获得最大限度的作用。其中一个存在争议的性质是溶液的色调。Nakamura(1923)进行的实验表明，低渗和高渗溶液都会导致整个角膜对离子物质的渗透性增加。Potts(1953)得出了类似的结论，并确定了使上皮通透性最低的色度相当于1.35%。氯化钠，他推断这是眼泪的音调。然而，许多研究人员使用了与血液等渗的测试溶液，相当于0.9%。氯化钠。Nakamura和Potts得出的结论似乎并不是在所有情况下都有令人满意的实验基础，他们决定通过测定不同色度溶液中24Na对眼睛的渗透率来重新研究这个问题。这里所描述的实验没有证据表明，在色度为0.9%-10%的范围内，上皮的通透性增加。氯化钠。然而，低渗溶液确实导致了Nakamura和Potts所描述的渗透率的增加。还发现，洗浴溶液的色度在0.9%左右增加。氯化钠导致角膜内皮细胞通透性增加，即远离溶液一侧覆盖角膜的细胞层的通透性增加。目前还不能确定这一增加是由于涂层受损还是由于活跃的过程造成的。就电离物质而言，洗浴溶液的反应是一种几乎没有被研究过的影响。对于解离较差的化合物，渗透性的变化是由于-
THE commonest method of investigating the permeability of the cornea is to bring a solution of the test substance into contact with its epithelial surface and to measure how much penetrates into the aqueous humour or into the stroma of the cornea itself. Clearly, it is desirable to know what range of properties of the test solution may be tolerated without causing changes in the property that is being measured. A related question arises in the preparation of pharmaceutical agents for instilling into the eye where maximum action should be obtained without causing any damage to the tissues. One such property, about which disagreement exists, is the tonicity of the solution. Nakamura (1923) carried out experiments which suggested that both hypotonic and hypertonic solutions caused an increase in the permeability of the cornea as a whole to ionic substances. Potts (1953) reached similar conclusions and located the tonicity which gave the minimum epithelial permeability at the equivalent of 1 35 per cent. NaCl, which he inferred was the tonicity of tears. Many investigators, however, have used test solutions made isotonic with blood, that is the equivalent of 0 9 per cent. NaCl. The conclusions drawn by both Nakamura and Potts did not seem in every case to have a satisfactory experimental basis, and it was decided to re-investigate the problem by determining the penetration of 24Na into the eye from solutions of differing tonicity. The experiments described here show no evidence of an increase in epithelial permeability over the range of tonicity 0 9-10 per cent. NaCl. Hypotonic solutions did, however, cause the rise in permeability described by Nakamura and Potts. It was also found that an increase in the tonicity of the bathing solution in the neighbourhood of 0 9 per cent. NaCl caused an increase in the permeability of the corneal endothelium, that is, of the cellular layer covering the cornea on the side remote from the solution. Whether this increase was a result of damage to the layer or an active process was not determined. The reaction of the bathing solution is an influence which has remained virtually uninvestigated as far as ionized substances are concerned. For poorly dissociated compounds the changes in penetration have been cor-