Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles
Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-009-0107-7
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Oehlmann, Joerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wagner, Martin;Oehlmann, Joerg
食物是人体接触干扰内分泌的化学物质的重要途径。迄今为止，这已通过对食品（如邻苯二甲酸酯）和人体体液（如尿液和血液）中的单一物质进行暴露模拟或分析鉴定来证明。由于这一领域的研究主要集中在少数几种化学物质上（因此缺少混合效应），因此食用外源激素的总体污染程度在很大程度上是未知的。本研究的目的是评估作为典型食品的瓶装矿泉水的综合雌激素负担，并描述雌激素污染的潜在来源。在本研究中，我们分析了含有人类雌激素受体α的市售矿泉水的体外系统，在所有样品中检测到60%的雌激素污染，其最大活性相当于75.2 ng/l的天然性激素17 -雌二醇。此外，在玻璃和塑料[聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）]制成的水瓶中饲养的软体动物模型Potamopyrgus antipodarum导致在PET瓶中培养的蜗牛的繁殖产量增加。这提供了第一个证据，证明从塑料食品包装材料中浸出的物质在体内具有功能性雌激素的作用。我们的研究结果表明，广泛污染的矿泉水与异种雌激素，部分源于化合物浸出从塑料包装材料。这些物质在软体动物体内具有强大的雌激素活性。总的来说，研究结果表明，当包装在塑料中时，更广泛的食品可能受到内分泌干扰物的污染。
Food consumption is an important route of human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. So far, this has been demonstrated by exposure modeling or analytical identification of single substances in foodstuff (e.g., phthalates) and human body fluids (e.g., urine and blood). Since the research in this field is focused on few chemicals (and thus missing mixture effects), the overall contamination of edibles with xenohormones is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the integrated estrogenic burden of bottled mineral water as model foodstuff and to characterize the potential sources of the estrogenic contamination.In the present study, we analyzed commercially available mineral water in an in vitro system with the human estrogen receptor alpha and detected estrogenic contamination in 60% of all samples with a maximum activity equivalent to 75.2 ng/l of the natural sex hormone 17 beta-estradiol. Furthermore, breeding of the molluskan model Potamopyrgus antipodarum in water bottles made of glass and plastic [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] resulted in an increased reproductive output of snails cultured in PET bottles. This provides first evidence that substances leaching from plastic food packaging materials act as functional estrogens in vivo.Our results demonstrate a widespread contamination of mineral water with xenoestrogens that partly originates from compounds leaching from the plastic packaging material. These substances possess potent estrogenic activity in vivo in a molluskan sentinel. Overall, the results indicate that a broader range of foodstuff may be contaminated with endocrine disruptors when packed in plastics.