The (dual) origin of epigenetics
The (dual) origin of epigenetics
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DOI：
10.1101/sqb.2004.69.67
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haig, D
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作者：
Haig, D
冷泉港定量生物学研讨会，第六十九卷，© 2004冷泉港实验室出版社0-87969-729-6/04。67决定分化组织的复制特异性。”因此，表观遗传学关注的是恒定的基因型产生分化的细胞类型和组织的过程，以及可能导致癌症的扰动。Berry和Searle（1963）将“表观遗传学”与骨骼发育变异的研究联系起来。他们使用表观遗传“在沃丁顿的意义上，强调正在研究的不连续性的发育起源，遗传因素决定了'表观遗传景观'的主要特征，但环境力量影响了最终结果。他们对啮齿动物骨骼的研究后来扩展到对人类颅骨表观遗传变异的研究（Berry and Berry 1967）。Herring（1993）对表观遗传学的定义（在本文第一段引用）是这一用法的直接后代。“表观遗传学”的第二个20世纪衍生可以追溯到Nanney（1958）。1958年3月，在吉苏尔-伊维特关于染色体外遗传的会议上，南尼对比了他所谓的遗传系统和共生系统。然而，Pontecorvo告诉Nanney，他收到了一位希腊教授对Pontecorvo使用“parasexuality”一词的批评（Ephrussi 1958）。到1958年7月，纳尼的评论发表时，纳尼已经用表观遗传取代了共生遗传，并增加了对沃丁顿的引用（Nanney 1958）。这段历史表明，纳尼的概念，他后来所谓的表观遗传控制系统是独立于沃丁顿的表观遗传学的先前使用，但纳尼认为他们的两个用途是兼容的。
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXIX.© 2004 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 0-87969-729-6/04. 67 of what determines the replicable specificity of differentiated tissues.” Thus, epigenetics was concerned with the processes by which a constant genotype gave rise to differentiated cell types and tissues, and perturbations of which could give rise to cancer. Berry and Searle (1963) initiated an association of “epigenetics” with the study of variation in skeletal development. They used epigenetic “in Waddington’s sense, to emphasize the developmental origin of the discontinuities being studied, with genetic factors determining the main features of the ‘epigenetic landscape’but environmental forces influencing the final outcome.” Their study of the rodent skeleton was later extended to a study of epigenetic variation in the human cranium (Berry and Berry 1967). Herring’s (1993) definition of epigenetics (quoted in the first paragraph of this paper) is a direct descendant of this usage.The second 20th-century derivation of “epigenetics” can be traced to Nanney (1958). At a conference in Gifsur-Yvette on Extrachromosomal Heredity (March 1958), Nanney contrasted what he called genetic and paragenetic systems. However, Pontecorvo told Nanney of the criticism he had received from a professor of Greek for Pontecorvo’s use of the term parasexuality (Ephrussi 1958). By the time the published version of Nanney’s remarks appeared in July 1958, Nanney had substituted epigenetic for paragenetic and added references to Waddington (Nanney 1958). This history indicates that Nanney’s concept of what he came to call epigenetic control systems was independent of Waddington’s prior use of epigenetics, but that Nanney considered their two usages to be compatible.