Survival in wild‐living mice*
Survival in wild‐living mice*
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野生小鼠的存活率*
DOI：
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发表时间：
1973
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Triggs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Berry;M. Jakobson;G. Triggs
老鼠在野外的生存取决于它对环境（食物、气候、社会条件、掩护、疾病和捕食）的反应，而这取决于动物本身的状况或“活力”。一般来说，动物在成年之前活力都会增加，然后在大约 100 天的时候开始下降，对于家鼠来说。这些变化可以用衰老来形容；它们导致根据多种哺乳动物物种的生命表推导出典型的 U 形死亡率曲线。另一个必须考虑的因素是基因型，因为不同基因型的动物对环境压力的反应可能不同。英国野生家鼠种群的大量死亡与温度有关。动物可能会在生理上或行为上对寒冷做出反应，但根据秋季（即环境压力之前）进行的生理测量，可以相当准确地区分冬季幸存者和非幸存者。然而，任何一般的生存模型都必须纳入环境、个体发生和遗传因素及其相互作用。提出了一个简单的模型。
动物并不总是为生存而奋斗。他们大部分时间都没有做什么特别的事情。但当他们真正开始时，他们一生的大部分时间都在吃饭（查尔斯·埃尔顿）。
The survival of a mouse in the wild depends on its reaction to the environment (food, climate, social conditions, cover, disease and predation), and this depends on the condition or ‘vigour’ of the animal itself. In general an animal increases in vigour until adulthood, and then begins to decrease, in House mice, at an age of approximately 100 days. These changes can be described as ageing; they lead to the characteristic U-shaped mortality curves deduced from life-tables in a wide variety of mammalian species. Another factor that has to be taken into consideration is genotype, since animals of different genotype may respond differently to environmental stresses. A large number of deaths in wild-living House mouse populations in Britain are temperature-dependent. Animals may respond to cold either physiologically or behaviourally, but it is possible to distinguish between winter survivors and non-survivors with a fair degree of accuracy on the basis of physiological measurements made in the autumn (i.e. before the time of environmental stress). Nevertheless, any general survival model must incorporate environmental, ontogenetic, and genetic factors and their interactions. A simple model is proposed.
Animals are not always struggling for existence. They spend most of their time doing nothing in particular. But when they do begin, they spend the greater part of their lives eating (Charles Elton).