The Practice of Home Visiting by Community Health Nurses as a Primary Healthcare Intervention in a Low-Income Rural Setting: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study in the Adaklu District of the Volta Region, Ghana.
The Practice of Home Visiting by Community Health Nurses as a Primary Healthcare Intervention in a Low-Income Rural Setting: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study in the Adaklu District of the Volta Region, Ghana.
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DOI：
10.1155/2021/8888845
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Peter Kwao I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Diema Konlan K;Kossi Vivor N;Gegefe I;A Abdul-Rasheed I;Esinam Kornyo B;Peter Kwao I
家访是加纳初级保健提供系统的一个组成部分。它是预防性的，并促进卫生实践，卫生专业人员在自己的环境中为客户提供护理，并提供适当的医疗保健需求和社会支持服务。本研究描述了在加纳沃尔特地区的农村地区的家访的做法。方法论这项描述性横断面研究使用了Adaklu区的375户家庭和11名社区卫生护士。采用多阶段抽样技术，选择10个社区，并采用概率抽样方法研究受访者。本研究采用预先测试的自编问卷和访谈指南，分别针对家庭成员和社区卫生护士进行数据收集。使用社会科学统计软件包对收集的定量数据进行编码、清理和分析，并将其转化为描述性统计数据，而使用NVivo软件对定性数据进行分析。专题分析包括三个相互关联的阶段，即数据整理、数据显示和数据结论。 家访是所有CHN的例行职责。影响家访的因素有社区成员的教育和态度、监督挑战、缺乏激励和缺乏基本后勤、不合作的态度、社区难以进入、财政限制和工作人员人数有限。家庭成员（62.3%）表示，保健工作人员没有充分照顾小病，因为78%的家庭成员从服务中受益，并希望在家访计划中增加更多活动（24.5%）。 应针对具体情况对社区保健护士进行家访技能培训，以便他们能够扩大可提供的服务范围。此外，社区卫生志愿者、传统助产士和社区诊所服务人员等社区卫生工作者也可以接受培训，以查明和解决家庭中的卫生问题。
Home visit is an integral component of Ghana's PHC delivery system. It is preventive and promotes health practice where health professionals render care to clients in their own environment and provide appropriate healthcare needs and social support services. This study describes the home visit practices in a rural district in the Volta Region of Ghana. Methodology. This descriptive cross-sectional study used 375 households and 11 community health nurses in the Adaklu district. Multistage sampling techniques were used to select 10 communities and study respondents using probability sampling methods. A pretested self-designed questionnaire and an interview guide for household members and community health nurses, respectively, were used for data collection. Quantitative data collected were coded, cleaned, and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences into descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analysed using the NVivo software. Thematic analysis was engaged that embraces three interrelated stages, namely, data reduction, data display, and data conclusion. Home visit is a routine responsibility of all CHNs. The factors that influence home visiting were community members' education and attitude, supervision challenges, lack of incentives and lack of basic logistics, uncooperative attitude, community inaccessibility, financial constraint, and limited number of staff. Household members (62.3%) indicated that health workers did not adequately attend to minor ailments as 78% benefited from the service and wished more activities could be added to the home visiting package (24.5%). There should be tailored training of CHNs on home visits skills so that they could expand the scope of services that can be provided. Also, community-based health workers such as community health volunteers, traditional birth attendants, and community clinic attendants can also be trained to identify and address health problems in the homes.