Pleasure in decision-making situations.
Pleasure in decision-making situations.
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在决策情况下的乐趣。
DOI：
10.1186/1471-244x-2-7
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发表时间：
2002-05-29
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
这项研究探讨了快乐在决策中的作用。在实验1中，12名受试者提出了一份问卷，其中包含46个项目，从文献中。23个项目描述了应当作出决定的情况，并以建议的解决办法结束。其他项目作为补充项目。受试者被要求不做决定，但要评价他们在阅读项目中描述的情况时所经历的快乐或不快乐。然后，将受试者的评分与其他工作人员发表的研究中其他受试者对相同情况的决定进行比较。我们的研究对象给出的快乐/不快乐的评级与其他作者发表的选择显著相关。这一结果满足了理论情境中快乐成为决策过程关键的必要条件。在实验2中，一组新的12名受试者评价他们的经验时，阅读各种版本的50种情况下，从日常生活中的道德决策（问卷I），包括200个项目。随后进行多项选择测试，其中50种情况（问卷II）使用相同的200个项目并提供各种行为。受试者倾向于选择道德和不道德的反应，对应于他们在每个问题中的最高快乐评级。在所有情况下，被试的行为都高于机会水平，因此，遵循最大化快乐的趋势。实验三，12名被试阅读了50道数学短题，随后分别给出了问题答案的正确版本和错误版本（问卷III），共200个题目。随后是一个多项选择数学测试，其中50个问题（问卷IV）使用相同的200个项目，并提供正确和不正确的答案。在问卷IV中，受试者倾向于选择正确的以及不正确的反应对应于他们的最高享乐评级内的每个问题。在所有情况下，被试的行为都高于机会水平，因此，遵循最大化快乐的趋势。三个实验的结果支持了这一假设，即决策是在意识体验的享乐维度中做出的。
This study explores the role of pleasure in decision making. In Experiment 1, 12 subjects were presented with a questionnaire containing 46 items taken from the literature. Twenty-three items described a situation where a decision should be made and ended with a suggested solution. The other items served as filler items. The subjects were requested not to make a decision but to rate the pleasure or displeasure they experienced when reading the situation described in the item. The subjects' ratings were then compared to the decisions on the same situations made by the other subjects of the studies published by other workers. The ratings of pleasure/displeasure given by our subjects correlated significantly with the choices published by other authors. This result satisfies a necessary condition for pleasure to be the key of the decision making process in theoretical situations. In Experiment 2, a new group of 12 subjects rated their experience of pleasure/displeasure when reading various versions of 50 situations taken from daily life where an ethical decision had to be made (Questionnaire I) including 200 items. This was followed by a multiple-choice test with the 50 situations (Questionnaire II) using the same 200 items and offering the various behaviors. Subjects tended to choose ethical and unethical responses corresponding to their highest pleasure rating within each problem. In all cases the subjects' behavior was higher than chance level, and thus, followed the trend to maximize pleasure. In Experiment 3, 12 subjects reading 50 mathematical short problems followed by correct and incorrect versions of the answer to the problem (Questionnaire III), including 200 items. This was followed by a multiple-choice mathematical test with the 50 problems (Questionnaire IV) using the same 200 items and offering the correct and incorrect answers. In questionnaire IV, subjects tended to choose correct as well as incorrect responses corresponding to their highest hedonic rating within each problem. In all cases the subjects' behavior was higher than chance level, and thus, followed the trend to maximize pleasure. The results of the three experiments support the hypothesis according to which decisions are made in the hedonic dimension of conscious experience.