Satellite Remote Sensing in Support of an Integrated Ocean Observing System
Satellite Remote Sensing in Support of an Integrated Ocean Observing System
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DOI：
10.1109/mgrs.2013.2289656
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
14.6
通讯作者：
F. Muller‐Karger;M. Roffer;N. Walker;M. Oliver;O. Schofield;M. Abbott;H. Graber;R. Leben;G. Goñi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Muller‐Karger;M. Roffer;N. Walker;M. Oliver;O. Schofield;M. Abbott;H. Graber;R. Leben;G. Goñi
地球观测卫星是国际全球海洋观测系统（GOOS）和全球气候观测系统（GCOS）的一些最有价值的组成部分，两者都是全球地球观测系统（GEOSS）的一部分。在美国，这类卫星是综合海洋观测系统（IOOS）的基石，需要进行先进的沿海和海洋研究，并在科学的基础上执行和维持明智的资源管理政策。卫星图像和卫星衍生数据用于绘制重要的沿海和海洋资源，提高对海洋领域的认识，并更好地了解陆地、海洋、大气、冰、生物和社会相互作用的复杂性。这些数据对就地观测分量的战略规划至关重要，对改进预报和数值模拟也至关重要。具体地说，有几个涉众团体需要定期的、频繁的和持续的概要性观察。特别重要的是生态系统结构（生境和物种清单）、生态系统状态（健康和变化）的指标以及对物理和生物地球化学变量的观察，以支持业务和研究界以及包括采矿、渔业和运输在内的工业部门。IOOS需要一项战略来协调人力能力，资助、推进和维护基础设施，为国家和全球提供改进的遥感观测和支持。私营、政府和教育部门之间的伙伴关系将加强基于红外、海洋颜色和微波卫星传感器的关键沿海和深水地区的遥感支持和产品开发。这些伙伴关系需要包括国际研究、政府和行业部门，以促进开放数据获取，了解校准和算法策略，并填补覆盖范围的空白。这种伙伴关系将确定维持沿海经济活力和改善海洋和沿海生态系统健康所需的观测类型。它们必须在不久的将来规划、资助、发射和操作所需的各种卫星传感器，以保持观测的连续性。
Earth observing satellites represent some of the most valued components of the international Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), both part of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). In the United States, such satellites are a cornerstone of the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), required to carry out advanced coastal and ocean research, and to implement and sustain sensible resource management policies based on science. Satellite imagery and satellite-derived data are required for mapping vital coastal and marine resources, improving maritime domain awareness, and to better understand the complexities of land, ocean, atmosphere, ice, biological, and social interactions. These data are critical to the strategic planning of in situ observing components and are critical to improving forecasting and numerical modeling. Specifically, there are several stakeholder communities that require periodic, frequent, and sustained synoptic observations. Of particular importance are indicators of ecosystem structure (habitat and species inventories), ecosystem states (health and change) and observations about physical and biogeochemical variables to support the operational and research communities, and industry sectors including mining, fisheries, and transportation. IOOS requires a strategy to coordinate the human capacity, and fund, advance, and maintain the infrastructure that provides improved remote sensing observations and support for the nation and the globe. A partnership between the private, government, and education sectors will enhance remote sensing support and product development for critical coastal and deep-water regions based on infrared, ocean color, and microwave satellite sensors. These partnerships need to include international research, government, and industry sectors in order to facilitate open data access, understanding of calibration and algorithm strategies, and fill gaps in coverage. Such partnerships will define the types of observations required to sustain vibrant coastal economies and to improve the health of our marine and coastal ecosystems. They are required to plan, fund, launch and operate the types of satellite sensors needed in the very near future to maintain continuity of observations.