NUMBER OF KERNELS IN WHEAT CROPS AND THE INFLUENCE OF SOLAR-RADIATION AND TEMPERATURE
NUMBER OF KERNELS IN WHEAT CROPS AND THE INFLUENCE OF SOLAR-RADIATION AND TEMPERATURE
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DOI：
10.1017/s0021859600056495
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
FISCHER, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FISCHER, RA
利用在墨西哥和澳大利亚的试验结果，研究了管理良好和浇水的小麦作物的每平方米粒数（K），在这些试验中，短春小麦品种受到辐射（主要通过人工遮光）和温度的独立变化。此外，作物受到不同的天气（年），播种日期和地点在墨西哥，揭示了自然和同时发生的辐射和温度变化的反应。在K中的反应解释在开花期穗干重（g/m2）和每单位穗重的籽粒数。K是线性和最密切相关的入射太阳辐射在30天左右开花前，这里称为穗生长期，为品种Yecora 70与充分地面覆盖的斜率为19粒/兆焦耳。这种响应似乎主要是由于作物生长速率对截获的太阳辐射的线性响应。干重增加分配到穗的比例有所增加，减少辐射。还在14 - 22 ℃范围内增加温度。在此期间，C降低了K（在15 ℃下，每℃斜率约4%）。C）。原因似乎是加速发育导致的穗干重降低。开花期单位穗重粒数受辐射和温度的影响较小，平均为78 ± 1粒。2/g。随着辐射和温度的自然变化，K与平均日入射或截获辐射与4.5 ℃以上平均温度的比值密切线性相关。C在开花前30天。随着这个比率（称为光热商）从0.5 MJ/m2/天/度增加到2.0 MJ/m2/天/度，K从70增加到196 X。102/m2。钾素对天气、播期和地点的反应与穗干重的变化密切相关。结果表明，在小麦作物模型中，太阳辐射与温度的比值对估算K值是非常有用的。此外，K决定穗干重方面的分析似乎是有希望的，并建议小麦生理学家应更加重视开花前的生长期。
The number of kernels per m2 (K) in well managed and watered wheat crops was studied using results of experiments in Mexico and Australia in which short spring wheat cultivars were subjected to independent variation in radiation, largely via artificial shading, and in temperature. Also crops subjected to differences in weather (year), sowing date and location within Mexico, revealed responses to the natural and simultaneous variation which occurs in radiation and temperature. Responses in K were interpreted in terms of spike dry weight at anthesis (g/m2) and number of kernels per unit of spike weight. K was linearly and most closely related to incident solar radiation in the 30 days or so preceeding anthesis, herein termed the spike growth period; for the cultivar Yecora 70 with full ground cover the slope was 19 kernels/MJ. This response seemed largely due to a linear response of crop growth rate to intercepted solar radiation. The proportion of dry weight increase partitioned to the spike increased somewhat with reduced radiation. Also increasing temperature in the range 14-22.degree. C during this period reduced K (slope approximately 4% per .degree.C at 15.degree. C). The cause appeared to be lower spike dry weight due to accelerated development. The number of kernels per unit spike weight at anthesis was little affected by radiation or temperature, and averaged 78 .+-. 2/g for the cultivar Yecora 70. With natural variation in radiation and temperature, K was closely and linearly correlated with the ratio of mean daily incident or intercepted radiation to mean temperature above 4.5.degree. C in the 30 days preceding anthesis. As this ratio, termed the photothermal quotient, increased from 0.5 to 2.0 MJ/m2/day/degree, K increased from 70 to 196 .times. 102/m2. These responses of K to weather, sowing date and location were closely associated with variation in spike dry weight. It was concluded that the ratio of solar radiation to temperature could be very useful for estimating K in wheat crop models. Also the analysis of K determination in terms of spike dry weight appeared promising, and suggests that wheat physiologists should place greater emphasis on the growth period immediately before anthesis.