Socioeconomic thresholds that affect use of customary fisheries management tools
Socioeconomic thresholds that affect use of customary fisheries management tools
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00796.x
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Bond, Trevor G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cinner, Joshua E.;Sutton, Stephen G.;Bond, Trevor G.
传统的资源管理形式，如禁忌，作为印度-太平洋地区保护举措的潜在基础，受到了相当大的关注。然而，人们对社会经济因素如何影响社区使用习惯管理做法的能力以及社区内的社会经济变革是否会削弱具有习惯基础的保护举措知之甚少。我们采用比较的方法来研究社会经济因素如何影响社区是否使用习惯渔业管理在巴布亚新几内亚。我们研究了15个沿海社区的物质财富水平（现代化），对海洋资源的依赖，人口和市场距离。我们比较了5个社区的这些社会经济条件，这些社区使用传统的方法关闭他们的渔场，10个社区没有使用这种类型的管理。对海洋资源的依赖程度、现代化程度、与市场的距离（< 16.5公里）和人口（> 600人）都有明显的阈值，超过这些阈值的社区就不使用习惯性的禁渔措施。然而，经济不平等，而不是平均现代化水平，似乎影响了关闭的使用。我们的研究结果表明，传统的管理机构是没有弹性的因素，如人口增长和经济现代化。如果要将习惯管理作为现代保护举措的基础，可能需要网络和桥接组织等跨规模的体制安排，以帮助过滤社会经济转型的影响。
Customary forms of resource management, such as taboos, have received considerable attention as a potential basis for conservation initiatives in the Indo-Pacific. Yet little is known about how socioeconomic factors influence the ability of communities to use customary management practices and whether socioeconomic transformations within communities will weaken conservation initiatives with a customary foundation. We used a comparative approach to examine how socioeconomic factors may influence whether communities use customary fisheries management in Papua New Guinea. We examined levels of material wealth (modernization), dependence on marine resources, population, and distance to market in 15 coastal communities. We compared these socioeconomic conditions in 5 communities that used a customary method of closing their fishing ground with 10 communities that did not use this type of management. There were apparent threshold levels of dependence on marine resources, modernization, distance to markets (< 16.5 km), and population (> 600 people) beyond which communities did not use customary fisheries closures. Nevertheless, economic inequality, rather than mean modernization levels seemed to influence the use of closures. Our results suggest that customary management institutions are not resilient to factors such as population growth and economic modernization. If customary management is to be used as a basis for modern conservation initiatives, cross-scale institutional arrangements such as networks and bridging organizations may be required to help filter the impacts of socioeconomic transformations.