The Influence of Habitat and Phylogeny on the Skin Microbiome of Amphibians in Guatemala and Mexico
The Influence of Habitat and Phylogeny on the Skin Microbiome of Amphibians in Guatemala and Mexico
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-018-1288-8
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Vredenburg, Vance T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellison, Silas;Rovito, Sean;Vredenburg, Vance T.
微生物共生体越来越被认为在各种宿主的机体健康中起着关键作用。两栖动物是独特的宿主，因为它们的皮肤有助于调节水、离子和气体的交换，并通过合成抗微生物肽在防御病原体方面发挥积极作用。两栖动物皮肤上的微生物群包括一个已知能抵御病原体的不同细菌群落，包括与两栖动物大规模死亡有关的全球大流行水蛭壶菌谱系。宿主系统发育和环境在决定两栖动物皮肤微生物组组成方面的相对影响仍然知之甚少。我们收集了墨西哥和危地马拉山地两栖动物的皮肤拭子，重点是两属多齿蝾螈和一属青蛙。我们利用高通量测序技术对皮肤细菌微生物组进行了表征，并测试了系统发育和栖息地对细菌多样性的影响。结果表明，在较高的分类水平上（目间），系统发育历史对总细菌微生物群的多样性和群落结构有强烈的影响，而在较低的分类水平上（属和种内），生境的影响占主导地位。这些结果增加了越来越多的共识，即生境对微生物组的结构和组成有很强的影响，特别是在浅层系统发育尺度上。
Microbial symbionts are increasingly recognized as playing a critical role in organismal health across a wide range of hosts. Amphibians are unique hosts in that their skin helps to regulate the exchange of water, ions, and gases, and it plays an active role in defense against pathogens through the synthesis of anti-microbial peptides. The microbiome of amphibian skin includes a diverse community of bacteria known to defend against pathogens, including the global pandemic lineage of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis associated with mass amphibian die-offs. The relative influence of host phylogeny and environment in determining the composition of the amphibian skin microbiome remains poorly understood. We collected skin swabs from montane amphibians in Mexico and Guatemala, focusing on two genera of plethodontid salamanders and one genus of frogs. We used high throughput sequencing to characterize the skin bacterial microbiome and tested the impact of phylogeny and habitat on bacterial diversity. Our results show that phylogenetic history strongly influences the diversity and community structure of the total bacterial microbiome at higher taxonomic levels (between orders), but on lower scales (within genera and species), the effect of habitat predominates. These results add to a growing consensus that habitat exerts a strong effect on microbiome structure and composition, particularly at shallow phylogenetic scales.