A double-headed hydra: Marine Le Pen’s charisma, between political masculinity and political femininity
A double-headed hydra: Marine Le Pen’s charisma, between political masculinity and political femininity
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双头九头蛇：玛丽娜·勒庞的魅力，介于政治男性气质和政治女性气质之间
DOI：
10.1080/18902138.2019.1701787
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Dorit Geva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dorit Geva
虽然魅力通常与男性领导力联系在一起，但马琳·勒庞（MLP）是一位支持者认为具有魅力的女性政治家。结合霸权男性气质和霸权女性气质的理论，与马克斯·韦伯的合法统治的类型学，本文阐述了一个框架，以确定政治男性气质和女性气质是如何在合法统治的类型，包括魅力统治的关系结构。我应用这个框架的实证分析法国激进右翼领导人和她的支持者。我认为，魅力是一种女性可以表现的政治男性气质，但它允许表达政治女性气质。从2013年至2017年法国国民阵线收集的参与者观察数据以及对党员的采访中，我展示了活动家如何将MLP视为一个令人钦佩的男子气概人物。与此同时，她因其女性的肉体，以及她对女性关怀的表达而受到尊敬。就像一个双头的九头蛇，MLP被认为是非凡的，因为她结合了政治男性气质和政治女性气质。MLP反对霸权男性气质的理论，表明一个有魅力的女人可以表现出霸权男性气质，而不会因为这样做而受到支持者的惩罚。相比之下，官僚政治的统治主要是男性主导的，几乎不允许政治女性化的表达。
ABSTRACT Although charisma is more commonly associated with masculine leadership, Marine Le Pen (MLP) is a woman politician whom supporters view as charismatic. Combining theories of hegemonic masculinity, and hegemonic femininity, with Max Weber’s typology of legitimate domination, this paper elaborates a framework for identifying how political masculinity and femininity are relationally structured within types of legitimate domination, including charismatic domination. I apply this framework to empirical analysis of the French radical rightwing leader and her supporters. Charisma, I suggest, is a form of political masculinity a woman can enact, but which allows for expression of political femininity. Drawing from participant observation data gathered on the French National Front between 2013 and 2017, and from interviews with party members, I show how activists viewed MLP as an admirably virile figure. Simultaneously, she was venerated for her feminine corporality, and her expression of feminine care, or caritas. Like a double-headed hydra, MLP was viewed as extraordinary due to her combined political masculinity and political femininity. Contra theories of hegemonic masculinity, MLP shows that a charismatic woman can perform hegemonic masculinity without being punished by supporters for doing so. Rational-bureaucratic domination, by contrast, is predominantly masculine, and allows for little expression of political femininity.