Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans and the Risk of a Second Amphibian Pandemic
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans and the Risk of a Second Amphibian Pandemic
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DOI：
10.1007/s10393-017-1278-1
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Tiffany A Yap;N. Nguyen;M. Serr;Alexander Shepack;V. Vredenburg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tiffany A Yap;N. Nguyen;M. Serr;Alexander Shepack;V. Vredenburg
两栖动物在全球范围内正在经历毁灭性的人口下降。一个主要的驱动因素是壶菌病，这是一种由真菌病原体树枝状芽孢杆菌（Bd）和嗜盐芽孢杆菌（Bsal）引起的新出现的传染病。Bd于1999年被描述，自20世纪70年代以来一直与下降有关，而Bsal是2013年描述的最近发现的病原体。据推测，疯牛病起源于亚洲，并通过国际贸易传播到欧洲，在那里它与蝾螈死亡有关。因此，活的两栖动物贸易对全球两栖动物生物多样性构成重大威胁。我们回顾了目前的知识状态bsaland描述的风险bsalspread。我们讨论了区域应对Bsaland障碍，阻碍了快速，协调的全球努力。在两栖动物中发现第二种致命的新出现的壶菌真菌病原体，为科学家、环保主义者和政府提供了一个机会，以改善全球生物安全，进一步保护人类和野生动物免受越来越多的新出现的传染病的侵害。
Amphibians are experiencing devastating population declines globally. A major driver is chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungal pathogensBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd) andBatrachochytrium salamandrivorans(Bsal).Bdwas described in 1999 and has been linked with declines since the 1970s, whileBsalis a more recently discovered pathogen that was described in 2013. It is hypothesized thatBsaloriginated in Asia and spread via international trade to Europe, where it has been linked to salamander die-offs. Trade in live amphibians thus represents a significant threat to global biodiversity in amphibians. We review the current state of knowledge regardingBsaland describe the risk ofBsalspread. We discuss regional responses toBsaland barriers that impede a rapid, coordinated global effort. The discovery of a second deadly emerging chytrid fungal pathogen in amphibians poses an opportunity for scientists, conservationists, and governments to improve global biosecurity and further protect humans and wildlife from a growing number of emerging infectious diseases.