Framing effects in inference tasks - and why they are normatively defensible
Framing effects in inference tasks - and why they are normatively defensible
复制标题
DOI：
10.3758/bf03196866
复制
发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
McKenzie, CRM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McKenzie, CRM
当逻辑上对等的对象或结果的重新描述导致不同的行为时，就会出现框架效应，而传统上，这种效应被认为是非理性的。然而，最近的证据表明，说话者在逻辑上等效的属性帧中的选择可以隐式地传达（或“泄漏”）关于说话者参考点的规范相关信息等。在对其他地方发表的数据的重新解释中，本文表明，推理任务（协变评估和假设检验）中的一些常见效应也可以被视为框架效应，从而扩大了框架的范围。研究还表明，这些框架效应在规范上是站得住脚的，因为有关事件稀有性的规范相关信息是通过数据描述和假设措辞而泄露的，从而拓宽了解释框架效应的信息泄露方法。信息泄漏还可以解释为什么此类推理任务中的框架效应在某些条件下消失。
Framing effects occur when logically equivalent redescriptions of objects or outcomes lead to different behaviors, and, traditionally, such effects have been seen as irrational. However, recent evidence has shown that a speaker's choice among logically equivalent attribute frames can implicitly convey (or "leak") normatively relevant information about the speaker's reference point, among other things. In a reinterpretion of data published elsewhere, in this article it is shown that some common effects in inference tasks (covariation assessment and hypothesis testing) can also be seen as framing effects, thereby expanding the domain of framing. It is also shown that these framing effects are normatively defensible because normatively relevant information about event rarity is leaked through the description of data and through the phrasing of hypotheses, thereby broadening the information leakage approach to explaining framing effects. Information leakage can also explain why framing effects in such inference tasks disappear under certain conditions.