The development and application of molecular markers for abiotic stress tolerance in barley
The development and application of molecular markers for abiotic stress tolerance in barley
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DOI：
10.1093/jexbot/51.342.19
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Ben Salem, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forster, BP;Ellis, RP;Ben Salem, M
本文介绍了目前利用分子标记研究植物抗逆性的思路和目的。选择大麦进行研究是因为它是一种重要的作物物种，也是遗传和生理研究的模型。它是一种重要的作物，由于其遗传学和生理学研究充分，是设计更有效育种方法的绝佳候选者。非生物胁迫对小粒谷物栽培基因库的研究经常表明，适应和发育基因与反应密切相关。发育基因对许多性能性状具有强大的多效性影响，而不仅仅是非生物应激。一个令人担忧的问题是，在驯化、选择和现代育种过程中，许多用于提高非生物胁迫耐受性的遗传变异已经丢失，留下了所选基因的多效性效应用于发育和适应。这些基因在使品种与其目标农艺环境相匹配方面至关重要，并且由于在改变这些方面几乎没有影响力，因此可能需要其他变异来源。在大麦和许多其他作物中，原始地方品种和相关野生物种基因库中存在对非生物胁迫的更大变异。野生大麦、野大麦Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch是栽培大麦Hordeum vulgare L.并且容易与普通小麦杂交。H. spontaneum揭示了遗传标记与原产地生态地理因素和实验施加的压力的关联。已经确定了基因型和采集地点，这些基因型和采集地点显示了特定应力的所需变化。双单倍体和其他分离群体，包括地方品种衍生物已被用于遗传定位的基因座。这些数据可用于分子育种方法，以提高大麦的耐旱性。一种策略涉及筛选耐旱性的遗传标记和生理性状，以及在北非自然干旱地区干旱缓解诱导的霉菌易感性的相关问题。
This article represents some current thinking and objectives in the use of molecular markers to abiotic stress tolerance. Barley has been chosen for study as it is an important crop species, as well as a model for genetic and physiological studies. It is an important crop and, because of its well-studied genetics and physiology, is an excellent candidate in which to devise more efficient breeding methods. Abiotic stress work on cultivated gene pools of small grain cereals frequently shows that adaptive and developmental genes are strongly associated with responses. Developmental genes have strong pleiotropic effects on a number of performance traits, not just abiotic stresses. One concern is that much of the genetic variation for improving abiotic stress tolerance has been lost during domestication, selection and modern breeding, leaving pleiotropic effects of the selected genes for development and adaptation. Such genes are critical in matching cultivars to their target agronomic environment, and since there is little leverage in changing these, other sources of variation may be required. In barley, and many other crops, greater variation to abiotic stresses exists in primitive landraces and related wild species gene pools. Wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch is the progenitor of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L. and is easily hybridized to H, vulgare. Genetic fingerprinting of H. spontaneum has revealed genetic marker associations with site-of-origin ecogeographic factors and also experimentally imposed stresses. Genotypes and collection sites have been identified which show the desired variation for particular stresses. Doubled haploid and other segregating populations, including landrace derivatives have been used to map genetically the loci involved. These data can be used in molecular breeding approaches to improve the drought tolerance of barley. One strategy involves screening for genetic markers and physiological traits for drought tolerance, and the associated problem of drought relief-induced mildew susceptibility in naturally droughted fields of North Africa.