Do not feed the wildlife: associations between garbage use, aggression, and disease in banded mongooses (Mungos mungo)
Do not feed the wildlife: associations between garbage use, aggression, and disease in banded mongooses (Mungos mungo)
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.2343
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Alexander, Kathleen A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flint, Bonnie Fairbanks;Hawley, Dana M.;Alexander, Kathleen A.
城市化和人类对景观的其他改变可能通过改变宿主行为以影响病原体传播的方式间接影响疾病动态。很少有机会研究自然宿主-病原体系统中人类栖息地改变的行为介导效应，但我们在带状猫鼬（Mungos mungo）中提供了这种现象的潜在例子，这是一种社会性哺乳动物。我们在博茨瓦纳的带状猫鼬研究种群地方性感染了一种新型结核分枝杆菌复合病原体，mungi，它主要通过鼻平面侵入猫鼬宿主并在皮肤上破裂。在这个系统中，几个研究小组可以进入人类垃圾场和其他经过改造的景观进行觅食。在我们的研究地点，带状猫鼬（N = 4组，约130只）在垃圾中觅食时，其种群内攻击水平明显高于其他觅食栖息地。其次，每月的攻击率是部队每月受伤人数的重要预测指标。最后，在研究期间，受伤个体的临床结核病（TB）发病率为75%，而明显未受伤的猫鼬的发病率为0%。我们的数据表明，在垃圾中觅食的猫鼬部队可能会因遭受可能允许病原体入侵的伤害而面临更大的感染结核病的风险。我们的研究表明，在开发人类改造地区的废物管理方法时，需要考虑垃圾对行为和野生动物健康的间接影响。
Urbanization and other human modifications of the landscape may indirectly affect disease dynamics by altering host behavior in ways that influence pathogen transmission. Few opportunities arise to investigate behaviorally mediated effects of human habitat modification in natural host-pathogen systems, but we provide a potential example of this phenomenon in banded mongooses (Mungos mungo), a social mammal. Our banded mongoose study population in Botswana is endemically infected with a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex pathogen, M. mungi, that primarily invades the mongoose host through the nasal planum and breaks in the skin. In this system, several study troops have access to human garbage sites and other modified landscapes for foraging. Banded mongooses in our study site (N = 4 troops, similar to 130 individuals) had significantly higher within-troop aggression levels when foraging in garbage compared to other foraging habitats. Second, monthly rates of aggression were a significant predictor of monthly number of injuries in troops. Finally, injured individuals had a 75% incidence of clinical tuberculosis (TB) compared to a 0% incidence in visibly uninjured mongooses during the study period. Our data suggest that mongoose troops that forage in garbage may be at greater risk of acquiring TB by incurring injuries that may allow for pathogen invasion. Our study suggests the need to consider the indirect effects of garbage on behavior and wildlife health when developing waste management approaches in human-modified areas.