Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs
Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs
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DOI：
10.1155/2018/8979838
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Shi, Jishu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burakova, Yulia;Madera, Rachel;Shi, Jishu
由高度纯化的抗原组成的亚单位疫苗需要佐剂的存在以产生有效和持久的保护性免疫。佐剂研究的进展包括设计结合两种或更多种佐剂以增强疫苗效力的组合佐剂。以前，已经报道了由矿物油和廉价的阿拉伯树胶乳化剂组成的水包油乳液佐剂（OW-14）在用作猪亚单位疫苗中的佐剂时表现出增强的和稳健的免疫应答。本研究提出了用食品级皂树皂苷提取物（OWq）制备的OW-14的改良版本。在新的OWq乳剂中，皂苷提取物作为乳化剂用于稳定乳剂液滴和作为免疫活性化合物。皂苷的使用允许减少原始OW-14中所需的乳化剂的量。然而，用皂苷稳定的乳液即使在升高的温度（37 ℃）下也表现出延长的物理稳定性。与仅接受油佐剂疫苗的动物相比，用OWq配制的基于经典猪瘟病毒（CSFV）糖蛋白E2的疫苗进行的两剂疫苗接种在猪中产生了更高水平的E2特异性IgG和病毒中和抗体。此外，新的OWq佐剂用于猪的疫苗接种是安全的。
Subunit vaccines consisting of highly purified antigens require the presence of adjuvants to create effective and long-lasting protective immunity. Advances on adjuvant research include designing combination adjuvants which incorporate two or more adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. Previously, an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant (OW-14) composed of mineral oil and an inexpensive gum Arabic emulsifier has been reported demonstrating enhanced and robust immune responses when used as an adjuvant in swine subunit vaccines. This study presents a modified version of OW-14 prepared with food-grade Quillaja saponin extract (OWq). In new OWq emulsion, saponin extract served as an emulsifier for stabilization of emulsion droplets and as an immunoactive compound. The use of saponins allowed to reduce the required amount of emulsifier in the original OW-14. However, emulsion stabilized with saponins demonstrated extended physical stability even at elevated temperature (37 degrees C). The two-dose vaccination with a classical swine fever virus (CSFV) glycoprotein E2-based vaccine formulated with OWq produced higher levels of E2-specific IgG and virus neutralizing antibodies in pigs in contrast with animals that received the vaccine adjuvanted with oil only. In addition, new OWq adjuvant was safe to use in the vaccination of pigs.