Mechanisms of Post-Replication DNA Repair.
Mechanisms of Post-Replication DNA Repair.
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DOI：
10.3390/genes8020064
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发表时间：
2017-02-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Yang Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao Y;Mutter-Rottmayer E;Zlatanou A;Vaziri C;Yang Y
准确的DNA复制对细胞存活和维持基因组稳定至关重要。细胞已经发展出机制来应对来自内源性和环境来源的基因毒性损伤。在DNA复制过程中遇到的损伤通常被复制后修复机制所容忍，这种机制可以防止复制叉崩溃并避免DNA双链断裂的形成。有两种主要的复制后修复途径：跨病变合成（trans-病变synthesis， TLS）和模板转换（template switching， TS）。TLS是一种DNA损伤耐受和低保真模式的DNA合成，利用专门的“y家族”DNA聚合酶来复制受损的模板。然而，TS是一种无差错的“DNA损伤避免”DNA合成模式，它使用新合成的姐妹染色单体作为模板代替受损的母链。TLS和TS通路都是严格控制的信号级联，将DNA合成与整体DNA损伤反应结合起来，因此对基因组稳定性至关重要。这篇综述将涵盖目前对复制后修复的主要介质的了解以及它们在细胞中是如何调节的。
Accurate DNA replication is crucial for cell survival and the maintenance of genome stability. Cells have developed mechanisms to cope with the frequent genotoxic injuries that arise from both endogenous and environmental sources. Lesions encountered during DNA replication are often tolerated by post-replication repair mechanisms that prevent replication fork collapse and avert the formation of DNA double strand breaks. There are two predominant post-replication repair pathways, trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS). TLS is a DNA damage-tolerant and low-fidelity mode of DNA synthesis that utilizes specialized ‘Y-family’ DNA polymerases to replicate damaged templates. TS, however, is an error-free ‘DNA damage avoidance’ mode of DNA synthesis that uses a newly synthesized sister chromatid as a template in lieu of the damaged parent strand. Both TLS and TS pathways are tightly controlled signaling cascades that integrate DNA synthesis with the overall DNA damage response and are thus crucial for genome stability. This review will cover the current knowledge of the primary mediators of post-replication repair and how they are regulated in the cell.