Land Use Change on Coffee Farms in Southern Guatemala and its Environmental Consequences
Land Use Change on Coffee Farms in Southern Guatemala and its Environmental Consequences
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DOI：
10.1007/s00267-013-0019-7
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Munoz, Claudia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haggar, Jeremy;Medina, Byron;Munoz, Claudia
商品价格的变化，如2000年至2004年咖啡价格的下跌，影响到农场的土地使用决定及其提供的环境服务。对50个农场的调查表明，2000年至2004年，700米以下的咖啡种植面积减少了35%，其中大部分（64%）是包括原生森林物种在内的咖啡农林业系统。咖啡损失只发生在大中型农场;合作社的面积没有变化。在海拔1，100米以下，阳光咖啡和因加树荫咖啡的咖啡生产率下降，但农林业咖啡的生产率仅在海拔700米以下下降。咖啡生产率在农林系统下比其他系统低37- 53%。橡胶和牧草的增加与低海拔大规模农场有关，香蕉和木材种植园与中海拔农场有关。咖啡农林的平均地上碳储量为39吨C公顷（-1），与橡胶种植园相似，但分别是天然林和木材种植园的三分之一到一半。咖啡农林业在生产系统中具有最高的本地树木多样性（7-12种/公顷），但低于天然林（31种/公顷）。将咖啡农林业转变为其他土地用途总是导致本地生物多样性栖息地质量下降，特别是鸟类，但集中在某些农场类型。维持咖啡农林业以保护生物多样性需要有针对性的干预措施，例如专门针对生物多样性的直接支付或市场激励措施。
Changes in commodity prices, such as the fall in coffee prices from 2000 to 2004, affect land use decisions on farms, and the environmental services they provide. A survey of 50 farms showed a 35 % loss in the area under coffee between 2000 and 2004 below 700 m with the majority of this area (64 %) being coffee agroforest systems that included native forest species. Loss of coffee only occurred on large and medium-scale farms; there was no change in area on cooperatives. Coffee productivity declined below 1,100 m altitude for sun and Inga shade coffee, but only below 700 m altitude for agroforest coffee. Coffee productivity was 37-53 % lower under agroforests than other systems. Increases in rubber and pasture were related to low altitude large-scale farms, and bananas and timber plantations to mid-altitude farms. Average aboveground carbon stocks for coffee agroforests of 39 t C ha(-1) was similar to rubber plantations, but one-third to one half that of natural forest and timber plantations, respectively. Coffee agroforests had the highest native tree diversity of the productive systems (7-12 species ha(-1)) but lower than natural forest (31 species ha(-1)). Conversion of coffee agroforest to other land uses always led to a reduction in the quality of habitat for native biodiversity, especially avian, but was concentrated among certain farm types. Sustaining coffee agroforests for biodiversity conservation would require targeted interventions such as direct payments or market incentives specifically for biodiversity.