Labor Market Regulation and Labor Market Performance: Evidence Based on Surveys among Senior Business Executives
Labor Market Regulation and Labor Market Performance: Evidence Based on Surveys among Senior Business Executives
复制标题
劳动力市场监管和劳动力市场表现：基于对高级企业管理人员的调查的证据
DOI：
10.1046/j.0023-5962.2003.00236.x
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Feldmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Feldmann
许多国家长期遭受高失业率之苦。在欧洲，这些国家主要是保加利亚、芬兰、法国、希腊、意大利、波兰、斯洛伐克、西班牙和波罗的海国家。然而，另一方面，也有许多国家的失业率多年来一直很低。这些国家包括大多数盎格鲁-撒克逊国家（主要是爱尔兰、新西兰、联合王国和美国）、欧洲大陆的一些国家（奥地利、丹麦、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、葡萄牙、瑞典、瑞士）以及日本、墨西哥和韩国。在大多数失业率高的国家，青年、妇女和低技能工人受到的影响尤其严重。此外，大部分失业者一年或更长时间都找不到新工作。当然，一些总体失业率较低的国家也存在问题群体。例如，在新西兰、韩国、瑞典和英国，有相当多的年轻人失业。除奥地利、葡萄牙和瑞典外，长期失业现象普遍存在。政府对劳动力市场的管制在多大程度上导致了失业，这在科学界和政界都存在很大争议。在大多数科学家看来，这些规则的作用是微不足道的。只有少数人认为过高的法定最低工资、不灵活的工作时间规定、广泛的解雇保护法和类似的规定是失业的主要原因。
Many countries have suffered from high unemployment for a long time. In Europe, these are mainly Bulgaria, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, and the Baltic nations. On the other hand, however, there are also numerous countries where unemployment has been very low for many years. These include most Anglo-Saxon countries (primarily Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States), a number of countries in continental Europe (Austria, Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland) as well as Japan, Mexico and South Korea. In most countries with high unemployment, youths, women and the low skilled are especially affected. Additionally, a major portion of the unemployed are unable to find a new job for one year or more. Of course, some countries with low overall unemployment have problem groups as well. For example, in New Zealand, South Korea, Sweden and the United Kingdom, a relatively large number of youths are unemployed. Long-term unemployment is widespread inter alia in Austria, Portugal and Sweden.It is highly disputed in the sciences and politics to what extent government regulations of the labor market contribute to unemployment. In the opinion of most scientists the role of such regulations is negligible1. Only few believe that high statutory minimum wages, inflexible working time regulations, extensive dismissal protection laws and similar regulations are major causes of unemployment2.