Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils
Effect of Charcoal on the Properties, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity of Temperate Pine Forest Soils
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DOI：
10.3390/f12111488
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Lenart-Boron, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lasota, Jaroslaw;Blonska, Ewa;Lenart-Boron, Anna
残留木炭炉（RCHs）增加森林生态系统的土壤肥力。然而，RCHs对土壤微生物的活性和丰度的影响仍然未知。在本文中，我们分析了残余木炭生产对土壤酶活性和组成的土壤细菌和真菌群落在苏格兰松林的马诺沃林区北方波兰。此外，我们确定了残余木炭生产对土壤性质的影响。本研究通过比较富炭和无炭土壤的物理、化学、酶和微生物学性质进行。这两种土壤的物理性质在结构和持水能力方面存在显着差异。正如预期的那样，富含木炭的土层的特征是有机碳含量显著更高（平均为4.7%，而对照土层为2.2%），有效磷含量也显著更高（平均为64.07 mgkg（-1），而对照土层为36.21 mgkg（-1））。同样，RCH视野显示出较高的pH值和较高的Ca和Na阳离子含量。这些结果表明，RCH土壤为土壤微生物提供了更有利的条件，反映在较高的酶活性和微生物的多样性。此外，RCH土壤中的细菌和真菌群落更多样化，有更大的物种/属的丰富度，特别是在真菌的情况下。Rhodoplanes属的成员在RCH和非RCH站点的细菌群落中占主导地位，其次是链霉菌属、伯克霍尔德氏菌属、Skermanella、Tsukamurella和Solibacter。基于培养和下一代测序（NGS）的分析表明，土壤真菌群落以子囊菌门为主，青霉属是最丰富的属。我们的研究结果表明，炉床土壤可能是森林生态系统中一个重要的碳库。这项研究支持的战略，保护这种富含木炭的土壤作为宝贵的C水库和生态重要的生物多样性热点。此外，施用木炭可有效地增加森林土壤的微生物多样性，特别是在重新造林或重新耕种受干扰的生境期间。
Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) increases soil fertility in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of RCHs on the activity and abundance of soil microorganisms remain unknown. In this paper, we analysed the impact of relict charcoal production on the soil enzymatic activity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities in Scots pine forests of the Manowo Forest District in northern Poland. Moreover, we determined the effect of relict charcoal production on the soil properties. Our research was conducted by comparing the physical, chemical, enzymatic and microbiological properties of charcoal-enriched and charcoal-free soils. Significant differences in physical properties were found between these two soil types in terms of their structure and water holding capacity. As expected, horizons enriched with charcoal were characterised by a significantly higher organic carbon content (4.7% on average compared to 2.2% in control horizons), and also by a considerably higher content of available phosphorus (an average of 64.07 mgkg(-1) compared to 36.21 mgkg(-1) in the control). Similarly, RCH horizons displayed a higher pH and higher contents of Ca and Na cations. These results indicated that RCH soils provided more favourable conditions for the soil microbiome, as reflected by the higher enzymatic activity and diversity of the microorganisms. Moreover, bacterial and fungal communities in RCH soils were more diverse and had greater species/genera richness, especially in the case of fungi. Members of the genus Rhodoplanes dominated the bacterial community at both RCH and non-RCH sites, followed by Streptomyces, Burkholderia, Skermanella, Tsukamurella and Candidatus Solibacter. Both culture- and next generation sequencing (NGS)-based analyses showed that soil fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota, with Penicillium as the most abundant genus. Our results showed that hearth soils may represent a significant C pool in the forest ecosystem. This study supports the strategy of safeguarding such charcoal-enriched soils as precious C reservoirs and ecologically important biodiversity hotspots. Moreover, the application of charcoal may effectively increase the microbial diversity of forest soils, especially during the reforestation or re-cultivation of disturbed habitats.