Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods.
Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms18061244
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发表时间：
2017-06-10
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Friedl A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beisl S;Miltner A;Friedl A
木质素是仅次于纤维素的第二丰富的生物聚合物。它长期以来作为纸浆和造纸生产中纤维素生产的副产品而获得，但其附加值应用相当低。不断变化的纸张市场和生物精炼项目的出现应该会产生大量具有增值潜力的木质素。纳米材料具有独特的性能，因此木质素纳米颗粒和其他纳米结构的制备作为一种获得增值木质素产品的有前途的技术而引起了人们的兴趣。由于木质素的高度结构和化学异质性，方法必须适应这些不同的类型。本综述重点关注不同形成方法应对多种多样的木质素类型的能力，并指出通过哪种方法可以实现哪些颗粒特性。目前的研究主要集中在 pH 值和溶剂转移方法上，后者可以产生实心和空心颗粒。溶剂转移还显示出分别处理不同木质素类型、溶剂和反溶剂的能力。然而，工艺条件必须适应每种类型的木质素，并且必须重点关注减少溶剂需求或整合到生物精炼工艺链中。
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. It has long been obtained as a by-product of cellulose production in pulp and paper production, but had rather low added-value applications. A changing paper market and the emergence of biorefinery projects should generate vast amounts of lignin with the potential of value addition. Nanomaterials offer unique properties and the preparation of lignin nanoparticles and other nanostructures has therefore gained interest as a promising technique to obtain value-added lignin products. Due to lignin’s high structural and chemical heterogeneity, methods must be adapted to these different types. This review focuses on the ability of different formation methods to cope with the huge variety of lignin types and points out which particle characteristics can be achieved by which method. The current research’s main focus is on pH and solvent-shifting methods where the latter can yield solid and hollow particles. Solvent shifting also showed the capability to cope with different lignin types and solvents and antisolvents, respectively. However, process conditions have to be adapted to every type of lignin and reduction of solvent demand or the integration in a biorefinery process chain must be focused.