Smoking and cervical cancer.
Smoking and cervical cancer.
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DOI：
10.5402/2011/847684
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fonseca-Moutinho JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fonseca-Moutinho JA
宫颈癌 (CC) 是全球女性第三大常见癌症；然而，CC是一种可以预防的疾病，应该付出很多努力来预防它。高危 HPV 感染的持续存在是 CC 最强的流行病学危险因素，但它不足以导致疾病的发展，它应该存在辅助因素。 2004年；国际癌症研究机构将宫颈癌列为与吸烟有因果关系的癌症之一。吸烟会干扰 HPV 感染的发生率和患病率，并与宫颈上皮内瘤变和浸润性 CC 相关。多种因素似乎干预与烟草相关的宫颈癌发生，特别是直接局部致癌作用和局部免疫抑制。吸烟的增加还与不良心理社会事件、全身免疫、避孕和营养等其他混杂因素密切相关，吸烟对宫颈癌发生的影响难以进行流行病学评估。在有关 CC 的临床实践和研究中应考虑吸烟习惯。
Cervical cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer in women worldwide; however, CC is a preventable disease, and much effort should be done to prevent it. Persistence of high-risk HPV infection is the strongest epidemiologic risk factor for CC, however it is not sufficient for development of the disease it cofactors should be present. In 2004; IARC listed cervical cancer among those causally related to smoking. Smoking interferes with incidence and prevalence of HPV infection and is associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive CC. Multiple factors seem to intervene on cervical carcinogenesis related with tobacco, especially by direct local carcinogenic effect and local immunosuppression. Smoking addition is also closely related with other confounding factors, like unfavorable psychosocial events, systemic immunity, contraception, and nutrition, which got difficult epidemiologic evaluation of smoking role on cervical carcinogenesis. Smoking habits should be taken in account in clinical practice and in research concerning CC.