Predatory Inclusion and Education Debt: Rethinking the Racial Wealth Gap
Predatory Inclusion and Education Debt: Rethinking the Racial Wealth Gap
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掠夺性包容和教育债务：重新思考种族贫富差距
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Raphaël Charron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Louise Seamster;Raphaël Charron
对最近种族财富不平等激增的分析往往侧重于资产持有的变化。相比之下，债务模式仍然相对未加探讨。使用2001年至2013年的消费者金融调查数据，我们发现，在2007年达到峰值后，大多数债务类型的种族不平等恢复到金融危机前的水平。唯一的例外是教育债务，这是我们在这篇文章中关注的。我们的分析表明，在过去十年中，黑人的教育债务相对于白人大幅增加。值得注意的是，这种不平等的增长并不归因于种族群体之间教育程度的差异。相反，正如我们所认为的，这种趋势反映了一种掠夺性的包容过程，在这个过程中，贷款人和金融机构向黑人家庭提供所需的服务，但剥削性的条款限制或消除了他们的长期利益。我们认为，掠夺性包容是当代市场中种族不平等持续存在的机制之一。
Analyses of the recent surge in racial wealth inequality have tended to focus on changes in asset holdings. Debt patterns, by contrast, have remained relatively unexplored. Using 2001 to 2013 data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we show that after peaking in 2007, racial inequalities for most debt types returned to prefinancial crisis levels. The exception has been educational debt—on which we focus in this article. Our analyses show that educational debt has increased substantially for blacks relative to whites in the past decade. Notably, this unequal growth is not attributable to differences in educational attainment across racial groups. Rather, and as we argue, this trend reflects a process of predatory inclusion—a process wherein lenders and financial actors offer needed services to black households but on exploitative terms that limit or eliminate their long-term benefits. Predatory inclusion, we propose, is one of the mechanisms behind the persistence of racial inequality in contemporary markets.