Quantifying Disparities in Urban Firearm Violence by Race and Place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A Cartographic Study
Quantifying Disparities in Urban Firearm Violence by Race and Place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: A Cartographic Study
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2016.303620
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Wiebe, Douglas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beard, Jessica H.;Morrison, Christopher N.;Wiebe, Douglas J.
目标。描述在城市背景下，枪支暴力负担按种族、收入和地点的差异性。我们使用了费城警察局从2013年到2014年的数据，计算了受害者居住地和活动地点的人口普查区组内的枪击发生率，按种族和区块组收入分层。我们使用地图建模来确定不同种族、社区收入和地点的枪击发生率的差异。黑人的总体枪击发生率是白人的5.0倍(95%可信区间=4.5，5.6)。在所有受害者居住地的收入中，黑人的枪支攻击率更高。与高收入的白人个人相比，收入最高的街区群体中的黑人居民遭受枪击的相对风险高出15.8倍(95%CI=10.7，23.2)。枪击事件倾向于发生在低收入地区，并集中在黑人居民比例较高的几个热点地区。在费城，种族和地点在接触枪支暴力方面存在着严重的差异。黑人比白人更有可能遭受枪击，无论社区收入如何。
Objectives. To describe variability in the burden of firearm violence by race, income, and place in an urban context.Methods. We used Philadelphia Police Department data from 2013 to 2014 to calculate firearm assault rates within census block groups for both victim residence and event locations, stratifying by race and block group income. We used cartographic modeling to determine variations in incidence of firearm assault by race, neighborhood income, and place.Results. The overall rate of firearm assault was 5.0 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 5.6) for Black people compared with White people. Firearm assault rates were higher among Black people across all victim residence incomes. Relative risk of firearm assault reached 15.8 times higher (95% CI = 10.7, 23.2) for Black residents in the highest-income block groups when compared with high-income White individuals. Firearm assault events tended to occur in low-income areas and were concentrated in several "hot spot" locations with high proportions of Black residents.Conclusions. Profound disparity in exposure to firearm violence by race and place exists in Philadelphia. Black people were substantially more likely than White people to sustain firearm assault, regardless of neighborhood income.