Monophyletic Polyneoptera recovered by wing base structure
Monophyletic Polyneoptera recovered by wing base structure
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00572.x
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
K. Yoshizawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Yoshizawa
基于后翅基部结构的形态学数据，估计了多翅目[小翅目、皮翅目、茧翅目（=茧翅目）、等翅目、螳螂目、直翅目、Phasmatodea、翅翅目和翅翅目]的系统发育关系。支系分析是单独使用后翼基础数据并结合其他更一般的形态学数据进行的。两个数据集得到了相似的树，并恢复了多翅目的单系性。多翅目之间最深层的系统发育关系尚不能确定，但神秘翅目（= Embiodea + Zoraptera）、直翅目（=直翅目+ Phasmatodea）和双翅目（= blbltodea + Mantodea +等翅目）的单系性得到一致的支持。相比之下，翅翅目和皮翅目的位置是不稳定的，尽管对翼基数据的独立分析支持它们的姐妹类群关系与两个非同质性的突触（腹侧基肋下的独特条件，以及前中点鼻翼突和第一腋窝巩膜之间的接合）。即使将无翅目Grylloblattodea和Mantophasmatodea纳入分析，综合翼基和一般形态学数据的结果也是一致的。从总体上看，本研究得到的树与其他形态学和分子分析的结果一致，但由于翼基数据的包含，等翅目被不恰当地置于Blattodea + Mantodea的姐妹中，这可能是该目形态学回归的结果。
Phylogenetic relationships among the winged orders of Polyneoptera [Blattodea, Dermaptera, Embiodea (=Embioptera), Isoptera, Mantodea, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Plecoptera and Zoraptera] were estimated based on morphological data selected from the hindwing base structure. Cladistic analyses were carried out using hindwing base data alone and in combination with other, more general, morphological data. Both datasets resulted in similar trees and recovered the monophyly of Polyneoptera. Deepest phylogenetic relationships among the polyneopteran orders were not confidently estimated, but the monophyly of Mystroptera (= Embiodea + Zoraptera), Orthopterida (= Orthoptera + Phasmatodea) and Dictyoptera (= Blattodea + Mantodea + Isoptera) was supported consistently. In contrast, placements of Plecoptera and Dermaptera were unstable, although independent analysis of the wing base data supported their sister‐group relationship with two nonhomoplasious synapomorphies (unique conditions in the ventral basisubcostale, and in the articulation between the antemedian notal wing process and first axillary sclerite). Results from the combined wing base plus general morphology data were consistent, even if the wingless orders Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea were included in the analysis. Generally, trees obtained from the present analyses were concordant with the results from other morphological and molecular analyses, but Isoptera were placed inappropriately to be the sister of Blattodea + Mantodea by the inclusion of the wing base data, probably as a result of morphological regressions of the order.