Unusual Symbiotic Cyanobacteria Association in the Genetically Diverse Intertidal Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Demospongiae, Halichondrida)
Unusual Symbiotic Cyanobacteria Association in the Genetically Diverse Intertidal Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Demospongiae, Halichondrida)
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0051834
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发表时间：
2012-12-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Antunes, Agostinho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alex, Anoop;Vasconcelos, Vitor;Antunes, Agostinho
蓝细菌是海绵相关细菌群落中最常见的成员之一，是珊瑚礁生态系统中丰富的共生体。在这项研究中，我们使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和分子技术（16 S rRNA基因标记），以表征空间分布的cyanobions在广泛分布的海洋潮间带海绵Hymeniacidon perlevis沿着葡萄牙海岸（大西洋）。我们描述了新的海绵相关的蓝藻形态型（异球藻样），我们进一步观察Acaryochloris sp.作为海绵共生体，以前只报道与海鞘。除了这两种独特的蓝藻外，H. Perlevis主要含有Synechococcus sp.和未培养的海洋蓝藻。我们的研究支持了这一假设，即海绵cyanobions的社会变化，无论地理位置，并可能受到季节性波动。在同一宿主物种的海绵之间观察到的多个蓝藻协会在很大的距离可能是由于共生体的水平转移。这可能解释了海绵宿主与其共生体之间缺乏共同进化模式。最后，尽管地理采样距离较短，我们观察到一个意想不到的高种内遗传多样性的H。利用线粒体基因ATP 6（pi = 0.00177）、COI（pi = 0.00241）和基因间间隔区SP1（pi = 0.00277），对sperlevis的遗传多样性进行了分析。我们的研究表明，海绵宿主H。Perlevis和相关的共生蓝藻多样性可能比以前认识到的要大。引文：Alex A，Vasconcelos V，Tamagnini P，桑托斯A，安图内斯A（2012）遗传多样性潮间带海洋海绵Hymeniacidon perlevis（Demospongiae，Halichondrida）中不寻常的共生蓝藻协会。PLoS ONE 7（12）：e51834. doi：10.1371/journal.pone.0051834
Cyanobacteria represent one of the most common members of the sponge-associated bacterial community and are abundant symbionts of coral reef ecosystems. In this study we used Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and molecular techniques (16S rRNA gene marker) to characterize the spatial distribution of cyanobionts in the widely dispersed marine intertidal sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis along the coast of Portugal (Atlantic Ocean). We described new sponge associated cyanobacterial morphotypes (Xenococcus-like) and we further observed Acaryochloris sp. as a sponge symbiont, previously only reported in association with ascidians. Besides these two unique cyanobacteria, H. perlevis predominantly harbored Synechococcus sp. and uncultured marine cyanobacteria. Our study supports the hypothesis that the community of sponge cyanobionts varies irrespective of the geographical location and is likely influenced by seasonal fluctuations. The observed multiple cyanobacterial association among sponges of the same host species over a large distance may be attributed to horizontal transfer of symbionts. This may explain the absence of a co-evolutionary pattern between the sponge host and its symbionts. Finally, in spite of the short geographic sampling distance covered, we observed an unexpected high intra-specific genetic diversity in H. perlevis using the mitochondrial genes ATP6 (pi = 0.00177), COI (pi = 0.00241) and intergenic spacer SP1 (pi = 0.00277) relative to the levels of genetic variation of marine sponges elsewhere. Our study suggests that genotypic variation among the sponge host H. perlevis and the associated symbiotic cyanobacteria diversity may be larger than previously recognized. Citation: Alex A, Vasconcelos V, Tamagnini P, Santos A, Antunes A (2012) Unusual Symbiotic Cyanobacteria Association in the Genetically Diverse Intertidal Marine Sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Demospongiae, Halichondrida). PLoS ONE 7(12): e51834. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051834