The origin of chalicotheres (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)
The origin of chalicotheres (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00421.x
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Dashzeveg, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hooker, JJ;Dashzeveg, D
描述了一个新的奇蹄目属，Protomoropus，为物种'Hyracotherium' gabuniaiDashzeveg，并将其与其他原始奇蹄目的多样性纳入支序分析，结果在以下更高阶的变化，我们的知识奇蹄目的进化。Protomoropus是Chelotheriidae和Lophiodontidae的姐妹分类单元，它们本身被确认为姐妹群。以前的单家族超科Chalomotherioidea扩展到包括所有三个类群。Paleomoropus和Lophiaspis被证明是原始的Lophiodontids。Isectolophidae的不同属被证明是一个分支的茎成员，包括chalicotheres和lophiodonts。下阶Ancylopoda扩展到包括他们。将isectolophids包括在Ancylopoda中而不是作为茎tapiromorphs导致Tapiromorpha分支的分裂。相反，现代的奇蹄目群，包括马超科Equoidea和犀牛和貘的超科Ceratomorpha（在这里等级降低到Parvorder），形成了一个新的分支，在这里被命名为infraorder Euperissodactyla nov。包括Ancylopoda和Euperissodactyla的分支被命名为Suborder Lophodontomorpha nov. Chelotherioidea和Chelotheriidae在亚洲进化。Lophiodontidae起源于从亚洲到北美的传播。分散继续到欧洲，在那里家庭辐射。
Description of a new genus of perissodactyl, Protomoropus, for the species 'Hyracotherium'gabuniai Dashzeveg and its inclusion with a diversity of other primitive perissodactyls in a cladistic analysis results in the following higher order changes to our knowledge of perissodactyl phylogeny. Protomoropus is sister taxon to the Chalicotheriidae plus Lophiodontidae, which themselves are confirmed as sister groups. The previously monofamilial superfamily Chalicotherioidea is extended to include all three taxa. Paleomoropus and Lophiaspis are shown to be primitive lophiodontids. Various genera of the Isectolophidae are shown to be stem members of a clade that includes chalicotheres and lophiodonts. The infraorder Ancylopoda is extended to include them. Inclusion of isectolophids in the Ancylopoda rather than as stem tapiromorphs results in the break up of the clade Tapiromorpha. Instead, the modern perissodactyl groups, comprising the horse superfamily Equoidea and that of the rhinos and tapirs, the Ceratomorpha (here reduced in rank to parvorder), form a new clade which is here named infraorder Euperissodactyla nov. The Brontotheriidae form the sister group to Ancylopoda plus Euperissodactyla. The clade comprising Ancylopoda plus Euperissodactyla is named suborder Lophodontomorpha nov. The Chalicotherioidea and Chalicotheriidae evolved in Asia. The Lophiodontidae arose following dispersal from Asia to North America. Dispersal continued to Europe, where the family radiated.