Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Central Role of Cytokines
Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Central Role of Cytokines
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DOI：
10.2174/1381612822666151125000300
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Haque, Absarul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alam, Qamre;Alam, Mohammad Zubair;Haque, Absarul
阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease，AD）和帕金森病（Parkinson's disease，PD）是两种分布最广的神经系统疾病，其特征是中枢神经系统（CNS）神经元功能障碍和丧失导致认知和运动功能退化。许多证据已经确定了神经炎症在AD和PD病理学中的作用。炎性成分如小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、补体系统和细胞因子与CNS中的神经炎症有关。更具体地说，已经发现细胞因子在AD和PD的神经炎症中起核心作用。许多研究已经证明AD和PD患者中炎性细胞因子如白细胞介素-1 β（IL-1 β）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）水平异常升高。活化的小胶质细胞已被证明参与促炎细胞因子如IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α和转化生长因子-β的分泌，从而有助于ND的进展。此外，对AD发病机制的研究已经证明，小胶质细胞产生β-淀粉样蛋白（A β），其本身是促炎性的，并导致几种炎症组分的活化。类似地，由小胶质细胞引起的慢性炎症是参与PD患者脑中与多巴胺（DA）产生相关的神经元破坏的基本过程。因此，有必要探索AD和PD发病机制中的关键炎症成分，以充分了解根本原因并建立这两种疾病之间的实质性联系。这些知识将有助于更好地管理和治疗AD和PD。
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most widespread neurological disorders (NDs) characterized by degeneration of cognitive and motor functions due to malfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Numerous evidences have established the role of neuroinflammation in the AD and PD pathology. The inflammatory components such as microglia, astrocytes, complement system and cytokines are linked to neuroinflammation in the CNS. More specifically, cytokines have been found to play a central role in the neuroinflammation of AD and PD. A number of studies have demonstrated abnormally elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in AD and PD patients. Activated microglial cells have been shown to be involved in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta, thereby contributing towards the progress of NDs. In addition, studies on AD pathogenesis have demonstrated that microglia produce beta-amyloid protein (A beta), which by itself is pro-inflammatory and causes activation of several inflammatory components. Similarly, chronic inflammation caused by microglial cells is the fundamental process involved in the destruction of neurons associated with dopamine (DA)-production in the brain of PD patients. Hence, there is a need to explore the key inflammatory components in AD and PD pathogenesis in order to fully understand the root cause and establish a substantial link between these two disorders. Such knowledge will help in better management and treatment of AD and PD.