Pilot studies of estrogen-related physical findings in wants
Pilot studies of estrogen-related physical findings in wants
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.10409
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Rogan, Walter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernbaum, Judy C.;Umbach, David M.;Rogan, Walter J.
背景：含有雌激素的大豆配方在美国被广泛使用。只食用大豆配方奶粉的婴儿有很高的暴露量。我们想研究大豆配方奶是否延长新生儿的生理雌激素化，但现有的乳房和生殖器发育的自然史的定量描述是不足以研究design.Objective：我们试点技术评估婴儿的反应，从母亲雌激素撤退，并收集不同年龄的婴儿乳房和生殖器发育的数据。我们研究了2004-2005年期间宾夕法尼亚州费城的37名男孩和35名女孩，他们来自足月妊娠，出生体重正常，年龄< 48小时至6个月。每种性别和年龄段的儿童中有三分之一完全由母乳、大豆配方奶粉或牛奶配方奶粉喂养。我们的横断面研究测量了乳房脂肪组织、乳房芽和睾丸体积;观察了乳房和生殖器发育;并收集了阴道壁细胞和阴道分泌物信息。我们评估的措施的可靠性。结果：乳腺组织是最大的在出生时，消失在年龄较大的儿童，符合减弱的母亲雌激素。生殖器发育不随年龄变化。母乳分泌和撤退性出血是不寻常的。阴道壁细胞表现出最大的雌激素效应在出生时，然后恢复;女孩对大豆出现显示reestrogenization在6 months.Conclusions：检查婴儿的雌激素的合理影响是有效的和可重复的。乳腺组织的测量和阴道壁细胞的表征可用于评估具有雌激素样作用的暴露。
BACKGROUND: Soy formula containing estrogenic isoflavones is widely used in the United States. Infants consuming soy formula exclusively have high isoflavone exposures. We wanted to study whether soy formula prolonged the physiologic estrogenization of newborns, but available quantitative descriptions of the natural history of breast and genital development are inadequate for study design.OBJECTIVE: We piloted techniques for assessing infants' responses to the withdrawal from maternal estrogen and gathered data on breast and genital development in infants at different ages.METHODS: We studied 37 boys and 35 girls, from term pregnancies with normal birth weights, who were < 48 hr to 6 months of age, and residents of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during 2004-2005. One-third of the children of each sex and age interval were exclusively fed breast milk, soy formula, or cow-milk formula. Our cross-sectional study measured breast adipose tissue, breast buds, and testicular volume; observed breast and genital development; and collected vaginal wall cells and information on vaginal discharge. We assessed reliability of the measures.RESULTS: Breast tissue was maximal at birth and disappeared in older children, consistent with waning maternal estrogen. Genital development did not change by age. Breast-milk secretion and withdrawal bleeding were unusual. Vaginal wall cells showed maximal estrogen effect at birth and then reverted; girls on soy appeared to show reestrogenization at 6 months.CONCLUSIONS: Examination of infants for plausible effects of estrogens is valid and repeatable. Measurement of breast tissue and characterization of vaginal wall cells could be used to evaluate exposures with estrogen-like effects.