Grooming and infant handling interchange in Macaca fascicularis:: The relationship between infant supply and grooming payment
Grooming and infant handling interchange in Macaca fascicularis:: The relationship between infant supply and grooming payment
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DOI：
10.1007/s10764-007-9202-0
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gumert, Michael D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gumert, Michael D.
雌性长尾猕猴会被幼崽所吸引，经常会为孕育幼崽的母猴梳理毛发。这种梳理通常涉及到美容师接触婴儿，并且可能是一种为婴儿处理梳理的交易。为了确定梳理和处理婴儿是否直接交易，我收集了雌性对母亲梳理后的时间样本，以及雌性梳理母亲并与婴儿接触的互动样本。我确定，梳理毛发倾向于促进与照顾婴儿的交换，而可用婴儿的数量与雌性梳理母亲的时间有关。当婴儿在周围的社会环境中稀少时，梳理的互动时间比周围的社会环境中丰富时更长，这表明可能存在供需效应。这说明梳理毛发可能是对婴儿处理的报酬。梳理和处理婴儿的互换往往是单向的，因为母亲通常不会回报梳理。相反，发生了婴儿接触。更大比例的梳理-婴儿处理交换涉及年幼的婴儿，但婴儿年龄似乎不影响梳理的持续时间。雌性对母亲梳理毛发的时间长度对处理时间没有明显影响。地位较低的雌性为地位较高的母亲和婴儿打扮的时间比地位较高的母亲和婴儿打扮的时间长。此外，有可能通过供求关系来预测等级上升的打扮比等级下降的打扮更好。亲缘关系对育婴处理交换无显著影响。这些结果支持这样的结论：梳理毛发和照顾婴儿可能是相互交换的。梳理促进了对婴儿的处理，而供给和等级则预测了女性为接触婴儿而提供的梳理报酬。
Female long-tailed macaques are attracted to infants and frequently groom mothers bearing them. Such grooming often involves the groomer contacting the infant and may be a trade of grooming for infant handling. To identify if grooming and infant handling are directly traded, I collected samples on times after female-to-mother grooming and on interactions in which a female groomed a mother and contacted her infant. I determined that grooming tended to promote an exchange with infant handling and that the supply of available infants was related to how long a female groomed a mother. Grooming interactions were longer when infants were scarce in the surrounding social environment than when they were abundant, indicating a possible supply-and-demand effect. This supports that grooming may be payment for infant handling. Grooming-infant handling interchanges tended to be unidirectional as mothers usually did not reciprocate grooming. Instead, infant contact occurred. A larger proportion of grooming-infant handling interchanges involved younger infants, but infant age did not seem to influence grooming durations. The length of female-to-mother grooming had no observable effect on handling time. Lower-ranked females groomed higher-ranked mothers and their infants longer than vice versa. Moreover, it was possible to predict up-rank grooming via supply and demand better than down-rank grooming. There was no observable influence of kinship on grooming-infant handling interchange. These results support the conclusion that grooming and infant handling may be traded. Grooming promoted infant handling, while supply and rank predicted the grooming payment a female would offer to access an infant.