YIELD IMPROVEMENT AND ASSOCIATED CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME AUSTRALIAN SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS INTRODUCED BETWEEN 1860 AND 1982
YIELD IMPROVEMENT AND ASSOCIATED CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME AUSTRALIAN SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS INTRODUCED BETWEEN 1860 AND 1982
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DOI：
10.1071/ar9890457c
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
DANTUONO, MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PERRY, MW;DANTUONO, MF
28份澳大利亚小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）em. Thell.）代表从19世纪60年代到1982年的一系列品种，在西澳大利亚小麦带进行了四年的20次田间试验。这些品种包括1900年以前引进和选择的品种，以及1982年以前在西澳大利亚培育或种植的重要品种。后一组中的5个来自包括半矮秆品种作为亲本的杂交。在所有时间点上测量谷物产量，并对6个试验的生物量和产量组成部分进行了取样。根据平均谷物产量与自1884年以来的年数的回归，产量从1884年的1022 kg ha-1增加到1982年的1588 kg ha-1。这意味着每年增加5.8千克/公顷，即每年增加0.57%。品种产量对现场平均产量的回归给出了值B，回归的斜率，从0.66到1.24，这些都是现代比老品种高。在6个试验取样的产量组成部分，地上生物量似乎略有增加时，比较早期的选择和他们的衍生物与后来的品种，但超过80%的粮食产量的整体增长是由于收获指数的增加。穗粒数和m-2与产量呈极显著正相关，而千粒重与产量、千粒重与1884年以来的年份呈弱负相关。具有半矮秆背景的品种与现代高秆品种相比，生物量相等，但产量、收获指数、穗数m-2和穗粒数较高。结果表明，在这种环境下，遗传改良大大增加了产量潜力，这是通过大幅增加与收获指数改善相关的粒数m-2实现的。
Twenty-eight Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cultivars, representing a series from the 1860s to 1982, were grown in 20 field trials over four years in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The cultivars included introductions and selections made before 1900, plus important cultivars bred or grown in Western Australia up to 1982. Five of the latter group were from crosses including semidwarf cultivars as parents. Grain yields were measured on all tirals, and six trials were also sampled for biomass and yield components. Based on the regression of mean grain yield versus the number of years elapsed since 1884, yields have increased from 1022 kg ha-1 in 1884 to 1588 kg ha-1 in 1982. This represents a rate of increase of 5.8 kg ha-1 year-1 or 0.57% per year. Regression of cultivar yield on site mean yield gave values of b, the slope of the regression, from 0.66 to 1.24, and these were higher for modern than for old cultivars. In six trials sampled for yield components, above-ground biomass appeared to have increased slightly when comparing early selections and their derivatives with later cultivars, but over 80% of the overall increase in grain yield was due to increase in harvest index. Grains per ear and grains m-2 were strongly and positively correlated with grain yield, but there were weak negative correlations between 1000-grain weight and yield, and between 1000 grain weight and years since 1884. Cultivars with a semi-dwarf background had equal biomass, but higher yield, harvest index, ear number m-2 and grains ear-1 than modern tall cultivars. The results show that genetic improvement has substantially increased yield potential in this environment and that this has been achieved through substantial increases in grain number m-2 associated with an improvement in harvest index.