Acetylcholine synthesis by mesencephalic neural crest cells in the process of migration in vivo
Acetylcholine synthesis by mesencephalic neural crest cells in the process of migration in vivo
复制标题
中脑神经嵴细胞在体内迁移过程中合成乙酰胆碱
作者：
J. Smith;M. Fauquet;C. Ziller;N. Douarin
特定于脊椎动物胚胎，神经嵴是一个短暂的结构，其组成细胞在发育中的动物中广泛迁移，最终产生许多不同的细胞类型，包括外周神经系统的组成部分1，2。到目前为止，只有当来自嵴的细胞到达目的地时，才能检测到它们分化的最早的明确指标。这通过获得合成和储存儿茶酚胺的能力来举例说明;嵴细胞在其背腹迁移之前和期间不存在，这种能力伴随着它们聚集到初级交感神经节中而出现3 -6。然而，胆碱能成熟的时间顺序还不太清楚。一旦副交感神经节或肠神经节形成3 -6，就可以证明适当的生物化学标记物，但缺乏合适的细胞化学方法是在此之前鉴定任何胆碱能细胞的主要障碍。虽然乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）存在于迁移神经嵴10，胆碱乙酰转移酶（CAT），催化乙酰胆碱（ACh）合成的酶，是一个更相关的correlate 7，11，12，胆碱能分化的明确证据应包括完整细胞13，14或其提取物中乙酰胆碱合成活性的证明。我们在这里表明，神经嵴，一旦它开始迁移，可以合成乙酰胆碱。
Specific to the vertebrate embryo, the neural crest is a transitory structure whose constituent cells migrate extensively through the developing animal and ultimately give rise to many distinct cell types, including the components of the peripheral nervous system1,2. The earliest clear indices of their differentiation have so far been detected only when cells from the crest have reached their destination. This is exemplified by the acquisition of the ability to synthesise and store catecholamines; absent from crest cells before and during their dorso–ventral migration, this ability appears concomitantly with their aggregation into the primary sympathetic ganglia3–6. The chronology of cholinergic maturation, however, is less well defined. Appropriate biochemical markers are demonstrable as soon as parasympathetic or enteric ganglia are formed3–6, but the lack of a suitable cytochemical method is a major obstacle to the identification of any cholinergic cells before then. Although acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is present in migrating neural crest10, choline acetyltransferase (CAT), the enzyme catalysing acetvlcholine (ACh) synthesis, is a much more relevant correlate7,11,12, and definitive evidence for cholinergic differentiation should include the demonstration of ACh-synthesising activity in intact cells13,14 or their extracts. We show here that neural crest, as soon as it begins migration, can synthesise ACh.