Ethnobotanical survey and evaluation of traditional mosquito repellent plants of Dai people in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China
Ethnobotanical survey and evaluation of traditional mosquito repellent plants of Dai people in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China
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云南西双版纳傣族传统驱蚊植物民族植物学调查与评价
DOI：
10.1016/j.jep.2020.113124
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发表时间：
2020-11-15
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Wang, Yuhua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gou, Yi;Li, Zhennan;Wang, Yuhua
民族药理学相关性：登革热是包括中国在内的世界许多地区最重要的流行性疾病之一。由于合成杀虫剂的抗性、毒性和不可降解性，迫切需要新的驱虫剂，包括植物衍生物。本研究的目的是：1）记录西双版纳傣族人使用的传统驱蚊植物; 2）筛选出新的高效驱蚊植物作为进一步研究的候选植物。材料和方法：2016年8月至2017年7月期间，在西双版纳州的16个村庄进行了5次实地调查。共81名受访者（44名男性和37名女性）使用半结构化的问题进行了采访，以收集他们用来防止蚊子叮咬的植物的详细信息。收集了10种资源量大、知名度高的植物，分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法和石油醚提取法制备提取物。使用人类诱饵笼测试提取物对白纹伊蚊成虫的驱避性。首先，将驱避性确定为每分钟1%的蚊子叮咬穿过经处理的布的最小有效剂量（MED）。其次，对5种具有较低驱避效果的植物提取物进行了不同浓度的驱避效果测试。控制蚊子的方法多种多样：大多数植物（16种）采用直接燃烧，其次是涂抹（5种）和放置（5种）。实验室分析证实，十种植物确实表现出驱蚊活性。结果表明，青蒿、烟草、艾纳香、蔓荆子和飞机草具有较好的驱蚊效果，其平均驱避量分别为0.015、0.061、0.090、0.090和0.105 mg/cm ~ 2。A.在五种植物中，籼稻的产量也最高。在0.45 mg/cm（2）浓度下，其完全保护时间仅为30 min，但其在2 h内的驱避效果与DEET无显著差异。结论：西双版纳傣族村民对植物源驱蚊剂的认识是丰富、多样和科学的。室内实验筛选出几种植物作为驱蚊剂的候选植物，其中印度蒿是最有希望的候选植物。
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Dengue is one of the most important pervasive diseases in many regions of the world, including China. There is an urgent need for new repellents, including plant derivatives, due to the resistance, toxicity, and non-degradability of synthetic insecticides. Traditional plant-based remedies may provide potential avenues for developing new strategies.Aims of the study: The aims of this study were to 1) document the traditional mosquitoes repellent plants used by the Dai people of Xishuangbanna, China; 2) screen out new efficient mosquito repellent plants as candidates for further study.Materials and methods: During the period August 2016 to July 2017, five field surveys were conducted in 16 villages of Xishuangbanna. A total of 81 informants (44 males and 37 females) were interviewed using semi-structured questions to collect detailed information on the plants they use to prevent mosquito bites. Ten plants with higher popularity and larger resource were collected and extracts were prepared by hydro-distillation or with petroleum ether. Extracts were tested for adult Aedes albopictus repellency using a human-bait cage. Firstly, repellency was determined as the Minimum Effective Dosage (MED) per minute at which 1% of the mosquito bite through the treated cloth. Secondly, five plant extracts with lower MEDs were tested the repellent longevity of different concentrations.Results: Eighteen plants were documented as being used in traditional remedies against mosquitoes. The methods for controlling mosquitoes were diverse: direct burning was used for most plants (16 species), followed by smearing (5 species), and placing (5 species). Laboratory analyses confirmed that ten plants did exhibit mosquito repellent activity. Of them, Artemisia indica, Nicotiana tabacum, Blumea balsamifera, Vitex trifolia, and Chromolaena odorata showed good mosquito repellency with MEDs of 0.015, 0.061, 0.090, 0.090, and 0.105 mg/cm(2), respectively. The protection rate provided by A. indica is also the highest among five plants. Although it provides complete protection time of only 30 min at 0.45 mg/cm(2) concentration, its repellency within 2 h is not significantly different from that of DEET.Conclusion: Dai villagers in Xishuangbanna have a rich, diverse and scientific knowledge of plant-based mosquito repellents. Laboratory experiments screened out several plants as candidates for mosquito repellents, of which Artemisia indica was the most promising candidate plant.