Urban-Rural Differences in Eye, Bill, and Skull Allometry in House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus).
Urban-Rural Differences in Eye, Bill, and Skull Allometry in House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus).
复制标题
家雀（Haemorhous mexicanus）眼睛、嘴和头骨异速生长的城乡差异。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
K. McGraw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pierce Hutton;K. McGraw
异速生长是原木性状大小与原木个体大小的比例比例，进化为优化独立结构的生长分配，是动物性状功能极限的主要限制因素。虽然有许多研究证明了不同性状和分类群之间异速生长的刚性，但相对较少的工作是关于物种内不同环境之间的异速生长变异。快速变化的环境，如城市，可能是研究异速生长灵活性的主要系统，因为它们独特地改变了许多环境参数(例如，生境、光、噪声)。我们研究了城乡家雀头面部特征的大小变化、异速生长和异速生长分散，因为头部的许多特征对鸟类的生存和适应环境具有生态关键作用(例如，大脑：对认知挑战的反应；比尔：觅食模式)。我们发现，与乡村雀相比，城市雀的眼轴长度和头骨宽度更短，但喙更长(但不是更宽或更深)。此外，眼睛、头骨和喙特征的异速生长斜率也因性别和环境而异。在农村环境中，女性眼轴长度的异速生长斜率远大于男性，但城市中男性和女性的异速生长斜率相似。在两种环境中，雄性和雌性的头骨异速生长相似，但城市鸟类的头骨长度(但不是宽度)的斜率比乡村鸟类的要浅。其他性状只有性别差异(雄鸟喙宽的斜率更大)，有一种性状没有性别或环境的差异(喙深)。对于任何颅面变量，异速线周围的点的离散度没有性别或环境的差异。由于城市和农村雀类种群之间存在显著但很小的遗传差异，异速生长差异很可能主要是由可塑性力量驱动的。我们认为，城市环境的饮食和认知需求的差异可能会驱动这些异速生长模式。总体而言，这些结果表明，异速生长可能会由于快速的环境变化而发生变化，而且性别之间也存在差异。
Allometry, the proportional scaling of log trait size with log body size, evolves to optimize allocation to growth of separate structures and is a major constraint on the functional limits of animal traits. While there are many studies demonstrating the rigidity of allometry across traits and taxa, comparatively less work has been done on allometric variation across environments within species. Rapidly changing environments, such as cities, may be prime systems for studying the flexibility of allometry because they uniquely alter many environmental parameters (e.g., habitat, light, noise). We studied size variation, allometry, and allometric dispersion of craniofacial traits in both sexes of urban and rural house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) because many traits in the head are ecologically critical to the survival and acclimation of birds to their environment (e.g., brain: response to cognitive challenges; bill: foraging modes). We found that urban finches had shorter eye axial lengths and skull widths, but longer (but not wider or deeper) bills, than rural finches. Also, allometric slopes of eye, skull, and bill traits differed based on sex and environment. In the rural environment, females had a far steeper allometric slope for eye axial length than males, but such slopes were similar between males and females in the city. Skull allometry was similar for males and females in both environments, but urban birds had a shallower slope for skull length (but not width) than rural birds. Other traits only differed by sex (males had a steeper slope for bill width), and one trait did not differ based on either sex or environment (bill depth). The dispersion of points around the allometric line did not differ by sex or environment for any craniofacial variable. Due to the significant but low genetic divergence between urban and rural finch populations, allometric differences are probably largely driven by plastic forces. We suggest that differences in diet and cognitive demand of urban environments may drive these allometric patterns. Overall, these results indicate that allometry may shift due to rapid environmental change and differentially so between the sexes.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Wucherer MF;Michiels NK
通讯作者：
Michiels NK