Sorghum and wheat differentially affect caecal microbiota and associated performance characteristics of meat chickens.
Sorghum and wheat differentially affect caecal microbiota and associated performance characteristics of meat chickens.
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作者：
Crisol-Martínez E;Stanley D;Geier MS;Hughes RJ;Moore RJ
这项研究比较了以小麦和高粱为主的日粮对肉鸡的影响。测量鸡的生长性能和盲肠微生物群落，并观察生产力和特定肠道微生物之间的相关性。将 15 日龄的科布肉鸡单独笼养，并使用两种饮食处理，一种以小麦为主的饮食 (n = 48)，另一种以高粱为主的饮食 (n = 48)。在 10 天的时间内进行生长性能测量，并在该时期结束时采集用于微生物群分析的样本。通过对 16S 细菌 rRNA 基因扩增子进行测序来表征盲肠微生物群。总体而言，结果表明，与以小麦为主的日粮相比，以高粱为主的日粮可以使鸡产生更高的表观代谢能 (AME) 和体重增加 (BWG) 值。然而，高粱喂养的禽类比小麦喂养的禽类具有更高的饲料转化率（FCR）值，这可能是因为高粱中的一些抗营养因子。进一步分析表明，盲肠微生物群落与 AME 值显着相关，但饮食治疗之间的微生物群组成不同。许多细菌与生长性能测量单独相关。大量属于卷曲乳杆菌和毛螺菌科菌株的 OTU（在高粱喂养的鸡中普遍存在）分别与高 AME 和 BWG 值相关。此外，许多属于小麦喂养鸡中普遍存在的梭菌目的 OTU 与低 FCR 值相关。总体而言，这些结果表明，不同饮食之间生长性能的变化部分与盲肠微生物群的变化有关。
This study compared the effects of wheat- and sorghum-based diets on broiler chickens. The growth performance and caecal microbial community of chickens were measured and correlations between productivity and specific gut microbes were observed. Cobb broilers 15 days of age were individually caged and two dietary treatments were used, one with a wheat-based diet (n = 48) and another one with a sorghum-based diet (n = 48). Growth performance measurements were taken over a 10 day period and samples for microbiota analysis were taken at the end of that period. Caecal microbiota was characterised by sequencing of 16S bacterial rRNA gene amplicons. Overall, the results indicated that a sorghum-based diet produced higher apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and body-weight gain (BWG) values in chickens, compared to a wheat-based diet. Nevertheless, sorghum-fed birds had higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) values than wheat-fed birds, possibly because of some anti-nutritional factors in sorghum. Further analyses showed that caecal microbial community was significantly associated with AME values, but microbiota composition differed between dietary treatments. A number of bacteria were individually correlated with growth performance measurements. Numerous OTUs assigned to strains of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lachnospiraceae, which were prevalent in sorghum-fed chickens, were correlated with high AME and BWG values, respectively. Additionally, a number of OTUs assigned to Clostridiales that were prevalent in wheat-fed chickens were correlated with low FCR values. Overall, these results suggest that between-diet variations in growth performance were partly associated with changes in the caecal microbiota.