Female reproductive strategies, paternity and community structure in wild West African chimpanzees
Female reproductive strategies, paternity and community structure in wild West African chimpanzees
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1998.0972
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Woodruff, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gagneux, P;Boesch, C;Woodruff, DS
尽管黑猩猩行为的变异性和复杂性阻碍了泛化，但人们普遍认为，黑猩猩的社会进化发生在可识别的社会群体或社区的背景下。我们采用野外观察和非侵入性基因分型相结合的方法，研究了科特迪瓦泰森林中55只野生黑猩猩的习惯化群落的遗传结构。该社区的血统关系表明，女性的择偶策略比之前设想的更加多变，而且观察到的社会群体并不是唯一的生殖单位。基于核微卫星标记和行为观察的遗传证据表明，泰人森林中的雌性积极地在其社会单位之外寻找交配伙伴；在5年的时间里，非社区男性占了一半。这种雌性交配策略增加了雄性基因在社区之间的流动，尽管存在男性亲缘关系，并否定了预测的社区男性之间更高的亲缘关系。亲缘选择似乎不太可能解释在这个种群中观察到的群体雄性之间频繁的合作和分享。同样，避免近亲繁殖可能不是青春期女性永久迁徙的唯一原因，因为群外交配和避免与家庭群居男性乱伦相结合，将使雌性能够避免近亲繁殖，而不会因移民到新社区而产生危险。群外交配作为雌性黑猩猩生殖策略的一部分，可能会让它们从更多种类和数量的雄性中进行选择，而不会失去它们的雄性社会群体伴侣提供的资源和支持。(C)1999年动物行为研究协会。
Although the variability and complexity of chimpanzee behaviour frustrates generalization, it is widely believed that social evolution in this species occurs in the context of the recognizable social group or community. We used a combination of field observations and noninvasive genotyping to study the genetic structure of a habituated community of 55 wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes vents, in the Tai Forest, Cote d'Ivoire. Pedigree relationships in that community show that female mate choice strategies are more variable than previously supposed and that the observed social groups are not the exclusive reproductive units. Genetic evidence based on nuclear microsatellite markers and behavioural observations reveal that females in the Tai forest actively seek mating partners outside their social unit; noncommunity males accounted for half the paternities over 5 years. This female mating strategy increases male gene flow between communities despite male philopatry, and negates the predicted higher relatedness among community males. Kin selection seems unlikely to explain the frequent cooperation and sharing observed among group males in this population. Similarly, inbreeding avoidance is probably not the sole cause of permanent adolescent female dispersal as a combination of extragroup mating and avoidance of incest with home group males would allow females to avoid inbreeding without the hazards associated with immigration into a new community. Extragroup mating as part of chimpanzee females' reproductive strategy may allow them to choose from a wider variety and number of males, without losing the resources and support provided by their male social group partners. (C) 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.