n-3 Fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: new mechanisms to explain old actions
n-3 Fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: new mechanisms to explain old actions
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665113001031
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Calder, Philip C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calder, Philip C.
已经描述了n-3脂肪酸EPA和DHA对参与炎症和免疫的细胞的功能反应的许多作用。脂肪酸诱导的膜顺序和类花生酸合成底物的可用性的修改是长期存在的机制，被认为是重要的解释所观察到的效果。最近，已经确定了对信号转导途径和基因表达谱的影响。在过去的10年左右，在了解n-3脂肪酸的作用机制方面取得了重大进展。这些包括识别已经描述的脂质介质的新作用和这些介质之间的新相互作用，以及描述具有抗炎作用并且对炎症的解决至关重要的脂质介质、消退素和保护素的全新家族。还认识到EPA和DHA可以抑制原型炎性转录因子NF κ B的活化。最近的研究表明，n-3脂肪酸可能有三种替代机制。在T细胞以及其他与免疫和炎症反应相关的细胞中，EPA和DHA的作用是破坏非常早期的事件，这些事件涉及形成称为脂筏的结构，脂筏将各种蛋白质聚集在一起形成有效的信号平台。总之，最近的研究已经确定了一些新的作用机制，有助于解释先前确定的n-3脂肪酸对炎症和免疫的影响。
Numerous effects of n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA on functional responses of cells involved in inflammation and immunity have been described. Fatty acid-induced modifications in membrane order and in the availability of substrates for eicosanoid synthesis are long-standing mechanisms that are considered important in explaining the effects observed. More recently, effects on signal transduction pathways and on gene expression profiles have been identified. Over the last 10 years or so, significant advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of n-3 fatty acids have been made. These include the identification of new actions of lipid mediators that were already described and of novel interactions among those mediators and the description of an entirely new family of lipid mediators, resolvins and protectins that have anti-inflammatory actions and are critical to the resolution of inflammation. It is also recognised that EPA and DHA can inhibit activation of the prototypical inflammatory transcription factor NFkB. Recent studies suggest three alternative mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids might have this effect. Within T-cells, as well as other cells of relevance to immune and inflammatory responses, EPA and DHA act to disrupt very early events involving formation of the structures termed lipid rafts which bring together various proteins to form an effective signalling platform. In summary, recent research has identified a number of new mechanisms of action that help to explain previously identified effects of n-3 fatty acids on inflammation and immunity.