Cholesterol level and statin use in Alzheimer disease: II. Review of human trials and recommendations.

Cholesterol level and statin use in Alzheimer disease: II. Review of human trials and recommendations.
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DOI:
10.1001/archneurol.2011.242
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发表时间:
2011-11
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Selkoe, Dennis J.
Selkoe, Dennis J.
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shepardson, Nina E.;Shankar, Ganesh M.;Selkoe, Dennis J.

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大量证据支持这样一种假设,即高胆固醇水平会增加患阿尔茨海默病(AD)的风险。因此,研究降血脂药(LLA),特别是他汀类药物作为AD预防或治疗药物的潜在用途已做了大量工作。虽然流行病学和临床前他汀类药物研究(在这篇综述的第1部分中描述)普遍支持高胆固醇在AD中的不利作用,但对他汀类药物的人类研究(在这里综述)显示出高度不同的结果,使得很难得出明确的结论。我们确定了人类研究中的几个混杂因素,包括他汀类药物之间血脑屏障通透性的不同,他汀类药物在AD中的应用阶段,以及药物的多效性代谢效应,所有这些因素都导致了迄今为止观察到的实质性差异。我们建议未来对这一重要治疗主题的人类研究1)在分析结果时考虑他汀类药物的血脑屏障通透性,2)包括对低密度和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇影响的具体分析,以及最重要的是,3)仅在轻度AD患者中进行他汀类药物治疗试验,这些患者最有可能改变疾病。
Substantial evidence has accumulated in support of the hypothesis that elevated cholesterol levels increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a result, much work has been done investigating the potential use of lipid-lowering agents (LLAs), particularly statins, as preventive or therapeutic agents for AD. While epidemiology and preclinical statin research (described in Part 1 of this review) have generally supported an adverse role of high cholesterol regarding AD, human studies of statins (reviewed here) show highly variable outcomes, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. We identify several confounding factors among the human studies, including differing blood-brain barrier permeabilities among statins, the stage in AD at which statins were administered, and the drugs’ pleiotropic metabolic effects, all of which contribute to the substantial variability observed to date. We recommend that future human studies of this important therapeutic topic 1) take the blood-brain barrier permeabilities of statins into account when analyzing results, 2) include specific analyses of effects on low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and most importantly, 3) conduct statin treatment trials solely in mild AD patients, who have the best chance for disease modification.
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