WHAT IS SARCOPENIA
WHAT IS SARCOPENIA
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.5
复制
发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
EVANS, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EVANS, WJ
成年年龄的增长与身体成分的深刻变化有关，其中主要成分是骨骼肌质量的减少。这种与年龄相关的骨骼肌损失被称为肌肉减少症。年龄相关的肌肉减少是年龄相关的肌肉力量下降的直接原因。肌肉质量（而不是功能）似乎是年龄和性别相关的力量差异的主要决定因素。这种关系与肌肉、位置（上肢vs下肢）和功能（伸展vs屈曲）无关。老年人肌肉力量下降是他们残疾患病率增加的主要原因。随着年龄的增长和极低的活动水平在非常老的，肌肉力量是步行能力的关键组成部分。机构老人中福尔斯的高患病率可能是他们较低的肌肉力量的结果。每日能量消耗在整个成人生活中逐渐下降。在久坐的个体中，能量消耗的主要决定因素是无脂肪质量，其在生命的第三个和第八个十年之间下降约15%，导致老年人的基础代谢率较低。数据表明，保持肌肉质量和预防肌肉减少症可以帮助防止代谢率下降。除了在能量代谢中的作用外，骨骼肌及其与年龄相关的衰退可能导致与年龄相关的变化，如骨密度、胰岛素敏感性和有氧能力的降低。由于这些原因，随着年龄的增长，肌肉质量的保存和增加肌肉质量和力量在以前久坐的老年人的策略可能是一个重要的方式，以增加功能的独立性和降低许多年龄相关的慢性疾病的患病率。
Advancing adult age is associated with profound changes in body composition, the principal component of which is a decrease in skeletal muscle mass. This age related loss in skeletal muscle has been referred to as sarcopenia. Age related reduction in muscle is a direct cause of the age-related decrease in muscle strength. Muscle mass (not function) appears to Be the major determinant of the age- and sex-related differences in strength. This relationship is independent of muscle; location (upper vs lower extremities) and function (extension vs flexion). Reduced muscle strength in the elderly is a major cause for their increased prevalence of disability. With advancing age and extremely low activity levels seen in the very old, muscle strength is a critical component of walking ability. The high prevalence of falls among the institutionalized elderly may be a consequence of their lower muscle strength. Daily energy expenditure declines progressively throughout adult life. In sedentary individuals, the main determinant of energy expenditure is fat-free mass, which declines by about 15% between the third and eighth decade of life, contributing to a lower basal metabolic rate in the elderly. Data indicate that preservation of muscle mass and prevention of sarcopenia can help prevent the decrease in metabolic rate. In addition to its role in energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and its age-related decline may contribute to such age-associated changes as reduction in bone density, insulin sensitivity, and aerobic capacity. For these reasons, strategies for preservation of muscle mass with advancing age and for increasing muscle mass and strength in the previously sedentary elderly may be an important way to increase functional independence and decrease the prevalence of many age-associated chronic diseases.