Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures: Part 1 - Bridges
Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures: Part 1 - Bridges
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
I. Buckle;I. Friedland;J. Mander;G. Martin;R. Nutt;M. Power
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作者：
I. Buckle;I. Friedland;J. Mander;G. Martin;R. Nutt;M. Power
本手册由两部分组成，代表了评估公路结构对地震影响的脆弱性以及实施改进措施以提高性能的最新实践状况。本手册的第1部分重点介绍公路桥梁，取代了联邦公路管理局（FHWA）出版物《公路桥梁抗震加固手册》，该手册于1995年作为报告FHWA-RD-94-052出版。已作出修订，包括目前的进展，地震工程，现场经验与改造公路桥梁，和性能的桥梁在最近的地震。它是多年研究的结果，由多学科的研究人员和从业人员组成的团队做出了贡献。特别是，引入了基于性能的改造理念，类似于用于新建筑物和桥梁的基于性能的设计。性能标准给出了两个不同的重现期，100年和1000年的地震地面运动。对于重现期较短的事件（较低层地震地面运动），比重现期较长的事件（较高层地震地面运动）需要更高水平的性能。根据桥梁的重要性和预期使用寿命推荐标准，重要的、相对较新的桥梁需要更严格的性能，标准桥梁接近其使用寿命结束时的性能要求较低。根据指定的抗震改造类别，提出筛选、评估和改造的最低建议。A类桥梁无需进行改造，而B、C和D类桥梁则需要依次进行更严格的考虑，并根据需要进行改造。介绍了各种改造策略，并详细解释了一系列相关的改造措施，包括限制器、座椅加长件、立柱护套、基脚覆盖层和土壤修复。
This manual, which is comprised of two parts, represents the most current state-of-practice in assessing the vulnerability of highway structures to the effects of earthquakes, and implementing retrofit measures to improve performance. Part 1 of this manual focuses on highway bridges, and is a replacement for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) publication "Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Bridges" which was published in 1995 as report FHWA-RD-94-052. Revisions have been made to include current advances in earthquake engineering, field experience with retrofitting highway bridges, and the performance of bridges in recent earthquakes. It is the result of several years of research with contributions from a multidisciplinary team of researchers and practitioners. In particular, a performance-based retrofit philosophy is introduced similar to that used for the performance-based design of new buildings and bridges. Performance criteria are given for two earthquake ground motions with different return periods, 100 and 1000 years. A higher level of performance is required for the event with the shorter return period (the lower level earthquake ground motion) than for the longer return period (the upper level earthquake ground motion). Criteria are recommended according to bridge importance and anticipated service life, with more rigorous performance being required for important, relatively new bridges, and a lesser level for standard bridges nearing the end of their useful life. Minimum recommendations are made for screening, evaluation and retrofitting according to an assigned Seismic Retrofit Category. Bridges in Category A need not be retrofitted whereas those in Categories B, C and D require successively more rigorous consideration and retrofitting as required. Various retrofit strategies are described and a range of related retrofit measures explained in detail, including restrainers, seat extensions, column jackets, footing overlays, and soil remediation.