Large-scale farming operations are win-win for grain production, soil carbon storage and mitigation of greenhouse gases
Large-scale farming operations are win-win for grain production, soil carbon storage and mitigation of greenhouse gases
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.205
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Yongchang Zhu;M. Waqas;Yu’e Li;Xiaoxia Zou;Defeng Jiang;A. Wilkes;X. Qin;Qingzhu Gao;Y. Wan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yongchang Zhu;M. Waqas;Yu’e Li;Xiaoxia Zou;Defeng Jiang;A. Wilkes;X. Qin;Qingzhu Gao;Y. Wan
近年来，通过土地使用权转让扩大农业经营规模是中国的一种日益增长的趋势。然而，关于这一趋势对温室气体(GHG)排放和土壤有机碳(SOC)存量变化的影响，人们知之甚少。利用中国典型粮食产区山东省的农场调查数据，采用生命周期评价方法，评价了不同农场规模对投入利用效率、粮食产量、有机碳储量变化和温室气体排放的影响。大规模农业作业(LSFO)通过减少化肥和农药的消耗率以及灌溉能源的使用，提高了投入的使用效率。与小农户种植相比，小麦-玉米和小麦-水稻两种种植方式获得了更高的粮食产量。与小型农场相比，大型农场的单位面积碳足迹较低，小麦-玉米种植系统中小麦(17%)和玉米(28%)的单位面积碳足迹较低，小麦-水稻种植系统中小麦(14%)和水稻(8%)的单位面积碳足迹较低。此外，与SHFO相比，LSFO减少了温室气体排放(7%-21%)，增加了SOC储量(6%-9%)。这项研究强调，在中国看来，土地使用权流转促进规模化耕作可以帮助实现粮食生产的清洁，同时对环境的负面影响较小。
Scaling up of farming operations by land use rights transfers has been a growing trend in China in recent years. However, little is known about the implications of this trend for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes. Using farm survey data from Shandong Province, a typical grain production region in China, we used a life cycle assessment (LCA) method to evaluate the impact of different farm scales on input use efficiency, grain production, SOC stock changes and GHG emissions. Large-scale farming operations (LSFO) enhanced input use efficiency by reducing fertilizer and pesticide consumption rates and energy use for irrigation. Compared with small household farming operations (SHFO), LSFO attained higher grain yield in wheat-maize and wheat-rice cropping systems. Compared with small farms, carbon footprints per unit area of large-scale farms were lower for wheat (17%) and maize (28%) in the wheat-maize cropping system and for wheat (14%) and rice (8%) in the wheat-rice cropping system. Moreover, LSFO reduced GHG emissions (7–21%) and enhanced SOC stocks (6–9%), compared with SHFO. This study highlights that in China, land use rights transfers to promote large-scale farming can help achieve cleaner grain production with less negative impact on the environment.