THE CONSISTENCY OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF PAIN - A COMPARISON ACROSS MODALITIES
THE CONSISTENCY OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF PAIN - A COMPARISON ACROSS MODALITIES
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DOI：
10.1016/0304-3959(92)90213-u
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发表时间：
1992-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
PRKACHIN, KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PRKACHIN, KM
已经发现许多面部动作与疼痛有关。然而，这些行动发生在不同类型的疼痛的一致性还没有被检查。本文着重于面部表情的一致性，在疼痛引起的伤害性刺激的几种方式。41名受试者暴露于电击、寒冷、压力和缺血引起的疼痛。在疼痛和无痛期间的面部动作与面部动作编码系统进行了测量。四个动作显示与疼痛一致相关的证据，在所有模式中可能性、强度或持续时间增加：眉毛降低、眼睑收紧和关闭以及鼻子下垂/上唇抬起。因子分析表明，面部动作反映了一个一般因素，具有合理的一致模式，可以组合成一个敏感的单一措施的疼痛表达。研究结果表明，这4个动作携带了大量关于疼痛的面部信息。他们还提供了证据，证明存在一个普遍的面部表情的痛苦。疼痛表达的测量结果的影响进行了讨论。
A number of facial actions have been found to be associated with pain. However, the consistency with which these actions occur during pain of different types has not been examined. This paper focuses on the consistency of facial expressions during pain induced by several modalities of nociceptive stimulation. Forty-one subjects were exposed to pain induced by electric shock, cold, pressure and ischemia. Facial actions during painful and pain-free periods were measured with the Facial Action Coding System. Four actions showed evidence of a consistent association with pain, increasing in likelihood, intensity or duration across all modalities: brow lowering, tightening and closing of the eye lids and nose wrinkling/upper lip raising. Factor analyses suggested that the facial actions reflected a general factor with a reasonably consistent pattern across modalities which could be combined into a sensitive single measure of pain expression. The findings suggest that the 4 actions identified carry the bulk of facial information about pain. They also provide evidence for the existence of a universal facial expression of pain. Implications of the findings for the measurement of pain expression are discussed.